Chapter 11
The Age of Imperialism
1850-1914
Section 1
The Scramble for Africa
• Africa Before European Domination
Imperialism: seizure
of a country or
territory by a stronger
country
Humanitarian: a
person who wants to
help improve the lives
of others
– Armies, rivers, disease discourage exploration
– Euro Nations Compete for Overseas Empires
• Missionaries, explorers, humanitarians reach
interior of Africa
• Raw materials and new markets
• Forces Driving Imperialism
– Belief in Euro Superiority
• National Pride spurs desire for colonies
• Racism and Social Darwinism support ideas and
actions of Imperialism
– Factors promoting Imperialism in Afr
• Technology help conquest: steam engine, Maxim
gun
• Quinine protects Euros from malaria
• Afrs divided by language and culture
Consult: to ask for
input or opinion about
something
Cash Crops: crops
grown for sale, not for
food
Trek: a long difficult
journey
Boer: Dutch farmer
• The Division of Africa
– Berlin Conference
• Prevent fighting of European nations over division
of AFR
• Euro Powers divide AFR into colonies w/o asking
consulting AFR leaders
– Raw materials are greatest source of wealth in
Afr
• Euro businesses develop cash-crop plantations
– Causes inadequate food supplies for Afr
• 3 Groups Clash over South Africa
– Zulus fight the Brits
• Shaka –Zulu chief who creates centralized state
in South AFR
– Boers & Brits fight over land, slaves in the Cape
– Great Trek –Boers move north to escape Brits
– The Boer War
• Brits win; Boer republics united in Union of South
Africa
Section 2
Imperialism
• A New Period of Imperialism
Imperialism:
seizure of a country
or territory by a
stronger country
– Euros want to control all aspects of their
colonies
– Forms of control
• Colony, Protectorate, Sphere of Influence,
Economic Imperialism
– Methods of management
• Indirect control
– Limited self-rule for local governments
• Direct control
– Paternalism –Euros provide for local people, but
grant no rights
– Assimilation –adaptation of local people to ruling
culture (France began using this but stopped)
– Managing the colony
• Nigeria: BRIT colony combined diverse cultures &
long term rival groups
• indirect rule is successful w/ Hausa-Fulani; not w/
Igbo and Yoruba
Arsenal: supply of
weapons and
ammunition
Stockpile: to gather
and save something
for future use
Sanitation: keeping
things clean,
protecting health
• African Resistance
– Lots of resistance to imperialism, but Euros have
superior weapons
– Unsuccessful movements
• Maji-Maji Rebellion –spiritually inspired revolt
against GER
– Believed magic water would protect them from bullets
– 75,000 die; famine kills twice as many
– Ethiopia: successful resistance
• Menelik II resists Euros
– Plays Euros against each other
– Stockpiles arsenal of modern weapons & uses
modern army to defeats Italy, remains independent
• Effects of Colonial Rule
– Negative
• Afrs lose land, independence, many lives
• Traditional cultures break down
• Unnaturally imposed national boundaries of Afr
creates problems that continue today
– Positive
• Colonialism reduces local fighting
• Sanitation improves; hospitals and schools created
• Technology brings economic growth
Forms of Imperialism
Form
Definition
Colony
governed by a foreign power
Protectorate
governs itself, but under outside control
Sphere of
Influence
Economic
Imperialism
outside power controls investment and trading
controlled by private business interests
Imperial Management Methods
Indirect Control
Direct Control
Imperial Management Methods
• Local government officials
• Foreign officials brought in
to rule
• No self-rule
• Limited self-rule
• Goal: develop future
leaders
• Goal: assimilation
• Gov’t institutions are
based on Euro styles but
many have local rulers
• Gov’t institutions are
based only on Euro styles
Direct Control
•
•
•
•
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
Goal: assimilation
Gov’t institutions are based only on
Euro styles
Indirect Control
•
•
•
•
Local government officials
Limited self-rule
Goal: develop future leaders
Gov’t institutions are based on
Euro styles but many have local
rulers
Group Work:
Each group answers one of the following questions.
Use a text book or your notes to answer the question.
One member of the group will present their answer to the
class. Everyone else will write down the answer.
1. Indirectly by allowing existing political rulers to govern under
1.
What authority
method and
of management
the British
use with
British
local officials todid
manage
daily affairs
their colonies? Explain?
2. Direct
control through
policies of
2.
What method
of management
didpaternalism
the French and
use with
assimilation
their colonies? Explain?
3. Algeria
used
resistance,
East
Africans
a
3.
What was
theactive
difference
between
how
Algeriaused
resisted
spiritual
defense
French
rule and how East Africa resisted German rule?
4. Emperor
Menelik
II tookable
advantage
of the rivalries
between
IT, FR,
4.
Why was
Ethiopia
to successfully
resist
European
BR rule?
to build an arsenal, defeated IT
5. Colonialism reduced local warfare; improved education, sanitation,
transportation
and communication;
African products
becamerule
valued
on
5.
What were
the positive effects
of colonial
in Africa?
international market
6.
diseases
from
Euros
and resistance
to of
colonialism
killed
many;
loss of
6.New
What
were
the
negative
effects
colonial
rule
in Africa?
property, famine, breakdown in traditional way of life, artificial political divisions
would lead to ethnic and civil wars