Elisati Hulu
Definition
 “a deliverable-oriented hierarchical
decomposition of the work to be executed by
the project team to accomplish the project
objectives and create the required
deliverables.
 It organizes and defines the total scope of the
project.
 Each descending level represents an
increasingly detailed definition of the project
work.
 The WBS is decomposed into work
packages.’’
Characteristics (1)
 Is deliverable-oriented
 Is hierarchical and constructed in such manner that
 each level of decomposition includes 100% of the work of its parent
element, and
 each parent element has at least two child elements
 Defines the full scope of the project and includes all project
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related work elements including all internal,external and interim
deliverable
Includes only those elements to be delivered by the project
Uses nouns and adjectives to describe the deliverables, not
verbs
Employs a coding scheme that clearly depicts the hierarchical
nature of the project
Contains at least two levels of decomposition
Is created by those performing the work with technical input
from knowledgeable subject matter experts and other project
stakeholderss
Characteristics (2)
 Includes Project or Program Management at level 2
of the hierarchy
 Includes WBS Dictionary that describes and defines
the boundaries of the WBS elements
 Contains work packages that clearly support the
identification of the tasks, activities and milestones
that must be performed in order to deliver the work
package
 Communicates the project scope to all stakeholders
 Is updated in accordance with project change
management procedures
Examples:
Examples: Simple WBS
Examples: Larger WBS
WBS Decomposition
 The logic of WBS decomposition is also
something that varies from project to project.
 The most common forms of WBS decomposition
are breakdowns by the following:
 Function
 Role
 Method
 Deliverables (components)
WBS representation
tabular
The steps in creating a typical WBS are:
 Define the project’s end product.
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This is usually no more than a title: “House at Avenue Drive” for example.
It forms the root of the Work Breakdown Structure document.
Define the main deliverables.
 These are the main components of the project’s end product, for example, for a house,
External construction, Internal construction, and so on.
 These become sections or ‘main branches’ under the root, defined in the previous step.
The steps in creating a typical WBS are (2)
 Break down the main
deliverables into their subcomponents using as many
sub-branches as needed
until you have manageable
‘units of work’ which do
not need to be subdivided
further.
 These units of work should
be of a size that the project
manager can easily handle.
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For example, something
that a worker or a team of
workers can accomplish in a
week might represent a unit
of work.
 Too much subdivision is
counter productive as the
project manager will then
have to get too involved in
the project details.
Finally you should have a structure with the root at
one end and, furthest from the root, units of work.
Taken together, the units of work make up the total
work in the project, and there should be no overlap
between them.
Division of work in the WBS: the 100% rule
Entering costs to the WBS
ADV for ATM Software
Essential requirements
 E1 Financial transactions shall be authorized by an ATM
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card and a password
E2 Financial transactions shall be terminated if a
customer fails to enter the correct password « settable »
times
E3 Financial transaction shall allow quick cash
withdrawals
E4 Financial transaction shall provide a printed receipt
for each transaction
E5 The ATM shall retain the information listed in the
requirements specifi cation, section 3.2.1, for each
customer transaction
E6 Financial transaction shall process Terminate requests
from customers
Desirable requirements
 D1 Financial transaction should accommodate
balance inquiry transactions
 D2 Financial transaction should accommodate
standard withdrawal transactions
 D3 Financial transaction should accommodate
deposit transactions
 D4 Customers should be allowed to conduct
multiple transactions per session
Optional requirements
 O1 Financial transaction could support debit card
transactions
 O2 Financial transaction could support payment
of utility bills
 O3 Financial transaction could allow customers
to purchase postage stamps which will be
disbursed by the ATM hardware