Konsep Dasar: Budaya
A modern concept based on a term first used in
classical antiquity by the Roman orator, Cicero:
“cultura animi”. The term “culture” appeared
first in its current sense in Europe in the 18th and
19th centuries, to connote a process of
cultivication or improvement, as in agriculture of
horticulture.
Konsep Dasar: Budaya
In the 19th century, the term developed to refer
first to the betterment or refinement of the
individual, especially through education, and
then to the fulfillment of national aspirations or
ideals. In the mid-19th century, some scientists
used the term “culture” to refer to a universal
human capacity. Georg Simmel: the cultivation
of individuals through the agency of external
forms which have been objectified in the course
of history.
Konsep Dasar: Budaya
The evolved human capacity to classify and
represent experiences with symbols, and to act
imaginatively and creatively.
The distinct ways that people living in different
parts of the world classified and represented
their experiences and acted creatively.
Konsep Dasar: Urban
Relating to or concerned with a city or densely
populated area.
Characteristic of a city or town.
The term is exploited by corporations such as
MTV to refer to black music/culture, without
mentioning race.
Pandangan Umum tentang
Keindahan
Keindahan bersifat universal.
Indah itu sesuai dengan selera dan keinginan
kaum elit kebudayaan.
Faktor yang seluruhnya otonom (netral)
Karakteristik Kebudayaan
Pop
Lebih memilih estetika resepsi daripada estetika
kreasi.
Keindahan sebagai bentuk kebutuhan nyata
publik, bukan dihadapkan pada kriteria formal
kritikus.
Ditakdirkan untuk memenangkan ruang, kalau
perlu mengorbankan waktu.
Karakteristik….
Puas akan masa kini; bersifat global; budaya
massa dan cenderung sesaat.
Dikembangkan atas dasar artifisial.
Menjanjikan hiburan kultural.
Tidak memerlukan proses belajar panjang.
Terkait perilaku masyarakat industri.
Problematik Kebudayaan
Pop di Indonesia
Modernisasi di Indonesia sebagai desa menjadi
kota atau kota memasuki desa?
Penyesuaian mental baru sebatas pada polapola gaya hidup konsumtif.
Sedikit sekali menyentuh mode of production
(cara pikir baru tuntutan perkotaan).
Mode of Production….
Everything that goes into the production of the
necessities of life, including the "productive
forces" (labor, instruments, and raw material)
and the "relations of production" (the social
structures that regulate the relation between
humans in the production of goods).
Mode of Production….
According to Marx and Engels, for individuals,
the mode of production is "a definite form of
expressing their life, a definite mode of life on
their part. As individuals express their life, so
they are. What they are, therefore, coincides
with their production, both with what they
produce and how they produce.”
Ruang Lingkup Kajian
Budaya Urban
Gaya hidup (lifestyle), selaras dengan ritme
pekerja keras, mental, perilaku, fashion, dll.
Popular art.
Advertising.
Pemaknaan makna oposisi dari “budaya tinggi”
yang sudah eksis.