Creativity in innovation
processes
Approaches & methods
Tapani Frantsi D.sc. (econ.) 2012
2011
Tapani Frantsi
Outline
· Creativity as individual, group and
organizational domain
· Creativity methods
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Creativity
Creativity is the
ability to produce work, that is
Novel
Original Unexpected
Appropriate
Useful
Adaptive/task constrains
Stenberg R.J.
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Individual creativity
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Cognitive theory of human creativity
Cognitive scheme
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New cognitive scheme
Gardner’s theory of intelligences
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Three components of individual creativity
Expertise
Creativity
Creative
thinking
skills
Motivation and
self-efficacy
Amabile T.M.1999, Bandura 1997
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Three levels of hindering,blocking and
killing ideas
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Group climate and creativeness
Quite much
In some
extend
In some
extend
Quite much
Individual
contribution
Loafing
Free
Strained,
tense
Playful
Sober
Active
Reserved
Tolerating
Controlling
Courageous,
bold
Fearful, wary
Collaborative
Competitive
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Methods in practice
Knowing testing and practicing some of
the methods
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Awareness and use of IGT
Coates, Cook & Robinson (1999)
Other
Synectics
Product checklists
Normal group
Mind mapping
Used
Morphological analysis
Aware
Lateral thinking
Heuristic idea gen.
Brainwriting etc.
Brainstorming
Attribute listing
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Use of methods (Swiss study)
Source: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology 2003
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Interplay of divergence and convergence
Ideation process in a dynamic
Interplay of divergent and
convergent sequences (periods,
phases).
Funnel is one of the metaphors:
tunnel, tube, wave etc. The design
model (picture) classifies this in a
quite closed and rational way:
1. Brainstorming
2. Concept phase
3. Finalization
It also uses term freeze after the
concept sequence.
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Brainwriting
Simplified 6-3-5
Group of six persons
Three ideas per round
5 minutes ideation/round
Rotation
Between groups
Advantages?
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BrainWriting Emample
Instuctions:
List some earlier succeeded or failed trials to solve the case
Paradoxal ideas or solutions. Turn it totally round.
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Tapani Frantsi
Some promising ideas or technologies. Might not yet be mature
to be implemented
Lead users might be interested in…
Six Hats
1.
6.
Facts
Priorities
5.
3.
Opportunities
2.
4.
Feelings
Risc view
Optimistic view
Group goes through all the steps in numbered order. Documentation by
one or two notekeeper or by everyone
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Tapani Frantsi
Synectic thinking is the process of
discovering the links that unite seemingly
disconnected elements.
Synectics Definition
· Creative discovery comes from
analogical and metaphorical thinking, the
process of linking unlike subjects.
· You must create VISUAL analogies and
metaphors.
Thinking to Connect
· Analogical thinking is a comparison
between two things that are similar in
some respects, often used to help
explain something or make it easier to
understand.
· Metaphorical thinking is when one thing
is used or considered to represent
another
Synectics as process
Ecscursions
- Direct analogy
- Methaphors
Selected (one)
pre idea for
Refining circle
Problem as
given(client)
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”force
fit”
Idea refining circle
Pre ideas,
promising
goals
Analyses
and problem
definition
- background
Crazy
solutions
Viewpoint
Possible
solutions
Different modelles
·
·
·
·
·
·
Expand
Minimize…
Take it to pieces
Compine
Recover..
Turn it upside down
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Distance taking
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
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Time
Space
Branch
Language
Technology
Type of organisation
History
People
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Practice/test 20 min
·
Method groups
1. Brain writing
1.
2.
3.
Open questions
3-6-5 at least one
round
analyses
2. Six hats 1-6 steps
3. Lateral thinking
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Tapani Frantsi
4. Synectics process
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Problem as given
Problem analyses
Direct analogy
Excursion
Crazy solutions
Force fit
Possible solutions
Idea categorizing
· Time
– Road maps
· Priorities
· Verifying
– Two scale models
· Constructions
· Modelling
· Strategy models
– Four fields
– profiles
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Innosession method
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Innosession
Focus
Insight of
research &
practice
Problem
Knowledge
Innovative
solutions
Spanning
weak ties
Bridge
2009
Masters & Mentors
Ideation
on individual
& group basis
Creation
Extended process model: innovation
session
Excursions
Inputs
Questioning
Intro Definition
Ideation rounds
Concepts
Connecting &
Models
sorting
Questioning
Ideation rounds
Inputs
Feeds
Warm up
Provocations
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Evaluation
Innosession process
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Innovation session elements
1.
2.
Pre-sessions and warm up functions
Group setting
•
•
•
•
3.
Max 6, arranged
Same open space for all of groups
Own facilitator in each group
Brokerage function
Situational factors for smooth flow of thoughts
•
•
•
•
4.
Facilities
Timing of activities
Variation of preassure and relaxation
Action
Flexibility
•
•
Improvised actioins
Planned provocations
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Role definition in innovation session process
Task
Head facilitator
creativity operator
Broker producer
Session broker
Expert
Documenter
Research
er
Main role
-Pre-session
- Session design
-connecting,
bridging partners
-meta knowledge
contribution
-Expert casting
-Innovation
system view
-Facilitates ones own
group
-Group leading skills
-Cooperates with
creativity operator
-expertise
contribution
-Net-working
- post-session
Random
documentation
and post
documentation
-
Expetise
in
innovation
systems
Activities before
sessioni
Pre-session
Methdod selection
and session
design/plan
-most of the
preparation
Pre-sessions
Expert casting
Duties during
the session
-instructions and
facilitating during the
day
facilitator
Stimulation
-documentation
Duities after the
session
diary
Documentation
checks
-reporting and
post sessions
Diary
Complimentary
documentation
report
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Innosession model
Business
opportunity
Feasibility
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Scenarios
Future stories => postulated development of
events -2030
Scenario 1: Rapid Energy Price Increase
6 groups
A
B
C
D
E
F (English only)
Scenario 2: Moderate Energy
Price Increase
4 groups
G,H,I,
J English only
Four field conclusion
· Discuss each field and
select idea stickers for
it
· Go through each field
and place stickers
· Do it together !
· Be active!
Radical
ideas
Save the World!
– use stickers
– place them on the board
Business ideas
2009
Means of control
Evaluation criteria
·
Creativity
–
–
–
–
·
Idea fluency = quantity of produced items
Flexibility – how ideas differentiate – diversity rate
Originality , novelty of ideas and concepts
Unexpected results
New connections and spanned distances
– New contacts and networks
·
·
Motivation and self-efficacy level for further development
Innovation capability
– Raised interest
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