Linguistics 101: Review
Gareth Price
New Site for Powerpoints
• www.duke.edu/~gop/teaching.html
Final Paper
• Friday, April 30 2010
• E-mailed submissions by midnight …
• AND bring me a hard copy on Monday to the
exam.
Exam
• Monday May 3rd
• 10.30am – 12pm
• Carr 136
Exam Content
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Linguistically analyse three data sets
Aphasia / language impairment
Child language acquisition
Conversation
Use frameworks
Phonological
Morphological
Syntax / grammar
Semantics
Pragmatics
Phonology
• Use the IPA chart to adequately describe phonological
features
• So … the ‘b’ sound
• … voiced bilabial stop /b/
• Look for REGULARITIES as well as IRREGULARITIES
• E.g. where voiced interdental fricative /ð/ becomes
voiced alveolar stop /d/
• unvoiced interdental fricative /θ/
• becomes unvoiced alveolar stop /t/
• Try not to see these as ‘errors’ – linguistic description,
not value judgement
Morphology
• Be clear on what morphemes are
• Be able to identify features of inflectional vs.
derivational morphology
• And be able to identify what the morphemes do
• Plural marking –s
• Third person verb marking –s
• = both –s, but different functions/morphemes
• Again … REGULARITIES and IRREGULARITIES
Syntax and Grammar
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Be careful to distinguish what is syntactically incorrect
The the cat on sat mat
From what is ‘grammatically’ non-standard
He ain’t got none
You won’t have to draw trees in the exam
But do look for NPs and VPs in the data
E.g. in the aphasiac patient we looked at, the
possessive determiner ‘my’ was 3 out 4 times attached
to a adjective, but was missing a noun.
• Again, REGULARITIES and IRREGULARITIES
Semantics
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Semantics
… red sock in the washing machine!
It goes all the way through!
So … always pay attention to meaning and
meaning-making
• Whether things ‘make sense’ or are somehow
ambiguous
Pragmatics
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Grice’s Maxims
Pauses
Latching on / Overlapping
Adjacency pairs
‘Known answer’ questions
Make sure you study the data carefully – there is
ALWAYS something to be said that is linguistically
interesting about ANY conversation (no matter
how banal)
General Points
• Be bold!
• Make an attempt to use technical terms correctly,
rather than avoiding them in case they are
incorrect
• Say what you see …
• … even if it sounds ‘obvious’
• … and especially if you think it sounds
‘outlandish’
• Your interpretation counts!
Exam Revision
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Overview:
1.0 – 1.5
Phonetics / Phonology:
2.1 – 2.3, 3.1 – 3.3
Morphology
4.0 – 4.2, 4.4 – 4.5
Syntax
5.0 – 5.3
* Language Files doesn’t do X-Bar Syntax
Semantics
6.0 – 6.5
Pragmatics
7.0 – 7.2
AND … Chapter 8 (Language Acquisition) and Chapter 9 (Language Storage and
Processing)
FIN