How Fair is Britain?
2010
The EHRC first Triennial Review
Equality indicators in practice
The Equality Act (2006) gave the EHRC a statutory duty
to:
1. Identify outcomes and indicators that measure
society’s progress towards our mandates
2. Monitor progress towards each identified outcome
by reference to relevant indicators, producing
regular reports.
(Section 12 of the Equality Act, 2006).
How Fair is Britain? is the first of a 3-year cycle of
reports of this progress.
The Equality Measurement
Framework
Structure of the Report
Part I – A new landscape
Part II – Critical issues facing Britain today
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
Life
Physical security
Care and support
Employment
Power and voice
2)
4)
6)
8)
Legal security
Health
Education
Standard of living
Part III – Findings and challenges
Indicators
Some key findings
(6) Life:
•Women on average live for 4 years longer than men
•Men and women in the highest socio-economic group can
expect to live 7 years longer than those in lower socioeconomic groups
•Infants under the age of 1 are more likely to be a victim of
homicide than any other age group.
•Three times as many men as women commit suicide.
•Suicide rates amongst men in Scotland are higher than
England
Life expectancy;
Mortal illness;
Suicide;
Accidental death;
Homicide;
Deaths in institutions
(7) Legal security: •Black an Asian people are disproportionately affected by
Equal treatment by the
criminal justice system;
Offences reported and
brought to justice;
Prison numbers and
conditions
stop-and-search.
•Young people with disabilities are less likely to feel fairly
treated by the criminal justice system
•Ethnic minorities are overly-represented in the custodial
system.
•Muslim people make up 12% of the prison population
Indicators
Some key findings
(8) Physical
security:
•1 in 4 women have experienced domestic abuse.
•Three quarters of domestic violence offences are repeat
offences
•Over a quarter of all rapes were committed against
children under 16
Crimes against the
person;
Targeted violence;
Fear of crime
•Gypsy and Traveller people report having the worst health
‘Poor’ health and limiting outcomes
long-term illness or
•A quarter of Pakistani and Bangladeshi people report
disability;
having a LLTI or disability.
Poor mental health;
•Bangladeshi men are twice as likely to have mental health
Living a healthy lifestyle;
issues than White men.
Dignity and respect in
•Evidence suggests the mental health issues are a serious
health treatment
concern for the both LGB and Transgender populations
(9) Health:
Indicators
Some key findings
•Girls routinely outperform boys throughout the educatory
Level of development at process
age 5;
•Gypsy and Traveller students perform worst
Permanent exclusion
•Disabled children also perform worse than non-disabled
from school; Educational children, and are much more likely to be excluded from
attainment at age 16;
school.
Participation in higher
•Black and Gypsy and Traveller children are also more
education;
likely to be excluded than average
Adult skills and
•Bullying affects many children. LGB and Transgender, and
qualifications;
disabled are most likely to report being bullied. Victims of
Adult learning;
Use of the internet
bullying do 15% worse at GCSE than average
•Black students are less than two-thirds as likely to get a
good degree as White students
•33% of working age Muslim women have no qualifications,
and only 9% have a degree
•Being Black and male has potentially greater impact on
levels of numeracy than being learning disabled
(10) Education:
Indicators
Some key findings
•People with disabilities experience an 11% pay gap
•45% of disabled people in their early 20s are NEET (not in
Employment;
Pay gaps;
education, employment, or training)
Occupational
•1 in 4 Bangladeshi and Pakistani women are employed
segregation;
•Only 47% of Muslim men, and 24% of Muslim women are
Illness and injury at work;
employed. 42% of young Muslim people are NEET
Discrimination in
•Women occupy 77% of administration/secretarial roles,
employment
and 83% of personal service roles.
•Only 6% of engineers and 14% of architects are women.
•Women occupy 1 in 3 managerial jobs in Britain
(11) Employment:
•Wealth of the top 10% of households is almost a hundred
times greater than the bottom 10% (£853,000 to £8,800)
•1 in 5 people live in households below the 60% of median
Wealth;
Low pay and low income; income level. This level is 1 in 4 for households with a
Housing and
disabled person, and 1 in 3 for Bangladeshi-headed
neighbourhood quality;
households
Financial exclusion
•Nearly three-quarters of Bangladeshi and half of Black
African children grow up in poverty
(12) Standard of
Living:
Indicators
Some key findings
(13) Care and
support:
•Lone parents, non-working parents, parents with disabled
children, and lower income parents use less childcare, and
it is less likely to be formal childcare
•1 in 4 women and 1 in 5 men in their 50s are carers. By
the time they are 59, women have a 50% chance of
providing care
•175,000 people under the age of 18 have care
responsibilities. 273,000 of people aged 16-74 provide
unpaid care despite being sick or disabled themselves.
Access to care;
Access to childcare;
Unpaid care
responsibilities
•A minority of people under the age of 25 now vote in
general and devolved elections
•The number of MPs over 50 has increased since 1997.
Formal political
Religious and ethnic minorities are still underrepresented in
participation;
Perceptions of influence; Parliament.
Political activity;
•Less than 25% of MPs are women
Taking part in decision•LGB people are more likely to be involved in informal civic
making and campaigning
or political actions than average
(14) Power and
voice:
organisations
Fair Treatment at Work : our
employment indicators
• Employment rate
• NEET rate
• Pay gap
• Occupational segregation
• Illness/injury at work
• Perceptions of discrimination
And Low pay
Intersection: multiple disadvantage
Employed full time:
• Ethnicity and Gender
– 13% Pakistani women
– 40% White British Women
• Religion and Gender
– 46% Black Caribbean Women
– 14% Muslim women
– 60% Christian women and women with no religion
Limitations
•
•
•
•
Age as a characteristic
Inconsistent across indicators
Sample sizes
Socio-economic/ethnicity/religion
characteristics