Hsinzon Tsai
Raymond Co
University of California, Berkeley
May 4th 2011
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The Basics of Quantum Hall Effect
Systematic Setup
 Definitions and Terminology
 Classical vs. Quantum Hall Effect
Integer Quantum Hall Effect
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Conclusion
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Classical Hall Effect in 1879
 By Edwin H. Hall at his 24
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Integer Quantum Hall Effect in 1980
 Nobel Prize in 1985
 By German physicist Klaus von Klitzing
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Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in 1982
 Nobel Prize in 1998
 By Professor Robert B. Laughlin, Stanford University
Professor Horst L. Störmer, Columbia University
Professor Daniel C. Tsui, Princeton University
http://www.rikenresearch.riken.jp/eng/hom/5674
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Two-dimension electrons system
 Low temperature
 Strong magnetic fields (0.1 to 45 Tesla)
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Typically, in semiconductor structures
 Electrons in a thin layer of GaAs surrounded by
AlGaAs
 Recently, graphene
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Fermi Level
Cyclotron Frequency
Landau Level
Density of States
Landau Level
See blackboard
http://askbluey.com/Image?q=Quantum+Invariant
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998
Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1998/press.html
http://www.ua.es/personal/jj.palacios/qhe.html

From Landau levels to quantum Hall effects
 http://landaucongress.itp.ac.ru/Talks/halperin.pdf