Exploration and
Settlement
Preview Activity
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Groups of students
Students walked around
claiming furniture with
sticky notes
One group started before
the rest
Other groups rushed to
catch up
First group had 30 sticky
notes
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European countries
Explorers claiming land
with flags.
Spain was first with
Columbus
► Other countries tried to
catch up
► Spain claimed the most
land in the new world
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Goals
► Identify
the motives behind European
explorations to the Americas
► Describe the differences between Spanish,
French, English, and Dutch settlements in
America
► Explain how European expansion and
settlement affected Native Americans and
West Africans
Word Wall Words
► Priests
► Conquistador
► Trapper
► Slavery
► Mission
► Plantation
► Presidio
► Columbian
► Pueblo
► Colony
Exchange
► New World
► Explorers
People to Know
► Cartier
► Pocahontas
► Cabot
► John
► Hudson
► Rolfe
► Coronado
► Joliet
► Cortes
► Marquette
► Pizarro
► DeLeon
► Columbus
► La
► Minuit
► Stuyvesant
Smith
Salle
► Raleigh
Renaissance
► Increased
wealth to
pursue arts and
education
► Mid 1300’s to 1600’s
experienced a rebirth
► Science and
technology
Renaissance
Direct trade with Asia
► Trade
with Africa
► Trade with Asia desirable but expensive
► Italian monopoly
► Marco Polo
► Spread of Christianity
► Technology of the Middle Ages
Columbus
► From
Genoa
► Read Marco Polo
► Sail west to get to
China
► Unknown ocean to the
west (est. 10,000mi)
► Error in calculation
Columbus in Spain
► Ferdinand
and Isabella
► Six year war
► Funded him to compete with Portugal
► “Pearls, precious stones, gold and silver”
► August 3, 1492 set sail with the Nina, Pinta, and
Santa Maria (larger of three)
► Month passed with no sign of land
► October 12, 1492 land was sighted
The first explorations
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Bahama’s and Hispaniola
“Indians” but no gold
2 months, La Navidad with 20
men
Treasures
Reaction of Europeans
Visitors
Need to convert and explore
Columbus’s later explorations
►3
more
► Navidad destroyed
► First to see South America
► Could not grow European crops
► 1502 last voyage with his son
► Shipwrecked and ruined
► Died unnoticed and unsung
How did Spain establish territorial
claims in the Caribbean and South
America?
► Cortes-
Mexico
► Pizarro-Peru
► Columbus-Caribbean Islands
What was life like in the Spanish
Settlements in the Caribbean and
South America?
► Looking
for gold
► Sugar Plantations
► Need for labor from Native Americans
► Disease killed large numbers of Natives
► Need for laborers from African slave traders
What type of relationship existed between
Spanish and Native Americans living in the
Caribbean and S.Am?
► Harsh treatment from Cortes on the Aztecs
► Pizarro killed the leader of the Incas even
though he gave him the gold he wanted
► Diseases
► Slave labor
► Change
The Conquistadors
►Conquistador
is Spanish for conqueror
►Cortes conquers Aztecs
►Impact of disease
►Pizarro conquers the Incas
De Leon, Coronado, Cortes, Pizarro
How did Spain establish territorial
claims in North America?
► Ponce
de Leon discovers Florida in 1513
► Hernando De Soto explores the southeast in
1539
► Coronado is the first European to see the
Grand Canyon in 1540.
► While in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola
but found seven little pueblos
Cabrillo and California
What types of permanent
settlements did the Spanish establish
in North America?
► Pueblo-
towns usually built upon site of
Indian villages
► Missions: established by priests to convert
Indians (S.F., El Paso)
► Presidios: military bases on the frontier (St.
Augustine)
Presidio
Pueblo
Spanish Mission
What type of relationship existed
between the Spanish and the Native
Americans living in N.Am?
► Pueblo
people learned about new tools, grow
food, raise sheep
► Many converted to Catholicism
► Spanish learned new farming techniques
► Harsh treatment of Native Americans for slave
labor
► Beating of those who did not convert
► Disease, death
► Rebellion
How did France establish territorial
claims in North America?
► Cartier
claimed Canada
► Champlain claimed the trading post of
Quebec
► Marquette and Joliet explored the
Mississippi River
► Robert La Salle claimed Louisiana
Race for Empires
Cartier explores the St.
Lawrence river in 1534
► Religious civil wars
between French Catholics
and Huguenots
► Quebec founded by
Champlain in 1608
► First permanent settlement
in the new world
► Champlain is the father of
“New France”
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What was life like in French
settlements in N.Am?
► Fur
trappers, or coureur de bois, and
missionaries came to New France.
► Colony failed to grow
► Harsh climate
► Best land went to nobility
► Trading of furs
What was the relationship between
the French and Native Americans
living in North America?
► Business
partners
► Friendly
► Huron
close allies
► Enemies with Iroquois
► Diseases killed many
New France
► French
economy relies heavily on the fur
trade in the new world
► Indians trapped and traded with the French
► Blankets, guns, trinkets, pots, and pans
► Grew slowly
► Pierre Marquette and Joliet explore south of
Great lakes in 1673 along the Mississippi
River
How did English establish territorial
claims in N.America?
► John
Cabot in New Foundland
► Raleigh
► Roanoke
► Jamestown
English settlements
► New
Foundland 1582
► Sir Walter Raleigh attempts to colonize off
the coast of North Carolina in 1585.
► Establishes the colony of Roanoke
► Second attempt in 1585 with 150 men and
women
Lost Colony of Roanoke
► Spanish
Armada delays supply until 1590
► No settlers found but buildings are standing
► CROATOAN
► Unsolved mystery
What was life like in Jamestown?
► Difficult
► Swamp
area with disease carrying
mosquitoes
► Laziness from settlers
► John Smith took over during the starving
time
► Native Americans refuse to trade during this
time
Pocahontas and John Smith
Settlement at Jamestown
► London
Company forms a Joint Stock
company after the failure of Roanoke
► April 26th, 1607, 3 ships and 105 male
colonist sail for America
► Adventurers with little skill, disease, salt
water, lack of supplies, harsh winter
► John Smith takes control
► Smith captured and “saved” by Pocahontas
Powhatan Confederacy
► Algonquian
Indians
► Brought food, taught how to plant crops
► Colonist forcefully took supplies from time
to time
► 1609, 400 more settlers came, John Smith
back to England
► Starving time: winter of 1609 to summer of
1610 only 60 of 500 colonist survive
War in Virginia
► John
Rolfe marries Pocahontas, a Powhatan
chiefs daughter
► Colonist surviving on their own without
Powhatan, want more land for tobacco
► 1622, colonist attack and kill Powhatan
leader
► Rolfe is killed in retaliation with 350 other
men, women and children
► War continues for 20 years
+
How did the Netherlands establish
territorial claims in North America?
► Henry
Hudson in present day New York
state and into Canada
► Peter Minuit buys Manhattan island
What was life like in New
Netherland?
► Fur
trade
► 8,000 people from many nations including
Africans, Europeans, and Jews seeking
religious freedom
► Peter Stuyvesant was the governor
► English drive the Dutch out and rename it
New York
► Capital New Amsterdam
What type of relationship existed
between the Dutch and Native
Americans living in New
Netherlands?
► Friendly
with the Iroquois
► Supplied the Iroquois with guns and
weapons to fight the Huron