Ancient Rome spreads its power
What happened when the king’s left?
• ____________________ run government
• Plebeians not allowed in gov…although they
were the majority
What did the plebeians do in response?
• ___________________________________________________…patricians need the
army…patricians are forced to give plebeians
power.
What specifically did they do?
• Created the _______________...a set of
posted, written laws…no one could change
what they said…made __________________
Rome’s Balanced Government… please note
balance scale of government in background
• For the best government Rome mixed
monarchy, democracy, and aristocracy
• What’s a democratic republic?
Office of the Consul - ____________
•
•
•
There were _________________
Directed army and government
But his power was limited by 2 laws
1. ____________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
2. _________the other’s decisions
___________- ______________
• __________appointments – 100 of them at 1st
• Provided ______________and continuity
• Plebeians eventually were allowed to be
senators
________________________
• Citizen soldiers were allowed to participate
• Gained the ____________________…became
powerful
________– in a league all their own
• In times of great need, Rome would give their
leadership to dictators
• Dictators had complete control over Rome
• __________________________________
• Were chosen by the consuls and approved by
the senate (balance of powers)
Cincinnatus – The best dictator a
civilization could ask for
• He literally dropped his plow to become
dictator
• He turned Rome around in 15 days
• He gave up the dictator position once he fixed
Rome
• What is gravitas? How did he either show it or
not?
Cincinnatus in Cincinnati
Rome Expands
• Rome was taking over Latin and Etruscan areas
• As Rome expanded further, they started to also take
over the Greek colonies
Rome gets BIGGER
• Rome extended citizenship to close territories…those
on the “frontier” were made “_________________”
(non-Latins)
• The alternative to not accepting Roman citizenship
and rule was certain death and destruction
• Each conquered area became part of Rome
– ____________________________________________,
rather than being just Rome’s subjects
Carthage
The “other” Mediterranean City
Two big cities in one little Sea
– After the fall of
Athens, there
were two cities
that rose to
prominence:
• Rome (we
know about it
already)
• ____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
Carthage’s Personal Add
• In 262 B.C., Carthage was _______________
_________, about 250,000 people lived there.
• They had a powerful navy of about 500 ships.
• Incredibly _________!
• Basically, very powerful due to the ability to
pay ________________to fight in their army.
Rome, on the other hand
• Very small navy
• Huge empire could provide a very large army
(500,000 soldiers!)
– _______________________________________________
– Majored in fighting!
• Very lucky
– Captured a Carthaginian ship, and photocopied it 140
times
• _____________________________________________________
The Wars
• 1st Punic War
– Lasted _______________________
– Carthage’s fleet was destroyed in 241 B.C.
– _________________________________________
• 2nd Punic War
– 218 B.C.
– Here is where Hannibal comes in
Hannibal – What should we know?
• __________
__________
__________
_____(came
through the
Alps)
• Rome sent three armies to stop the invaders, but
they were all crushed.
Hannibal in a nut shell
– Hannibal did not attack Rome directly
– Lived off country side,
_________________________________
_________________________________
– Hoped Rome’s allies would get unhappy
with the way the Romans were handling
the situation and join him
– Waited for
_________________________________
_________________________________
• Finally a ___________________________________________
• Hannibal rushed back to Carthage, where he was _________
in the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C.
– Scipio becomes known as Scipio Africanus in honor of his victory.
The 3rd Punic War
• 149 B.C to 146 B.C.
• Fought for no other reason
then Rome was jealous that
Carthage even existed.
– ________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
• Made an excuse to attack
Carthage
– Scipio Africanus destroyed
the city