Violence Reduction
“The Shared Agenda”
John Carnochan QPM
Detective Chief Superintendent
Scottish Violence Reduction Unit
“More Law, Less Order”
Prof Irvine Waller
“Truth springs from
argument amongst
friends”
David Hume 1711-1776
Violence Challenge
• Straightforward = Command and Control
• Complicated = Management and Process
• Wicked = Leadership and Change
The “How?”
“Interpersonal violence – violence
between individuals in families and
communities – is a public health
problem.”
Etienne Krug
Director
Department of Injuries and Violence Prevention
World health Organisation
2004
The “How”
Surveillance
Systematic
data
collection
Implement
Scale up and
evaluate
effective
programmes
Identify risk /
protective
factors
Research why
it occurs
Develop and
evaluate
interventions
Find out what
works.
Partners: A&E Admissions
Understand Causes of Violence
Two components to Violence:
• The propensity to be violent - personal
factors
• The triggers of violence - social factors
The Wave Report 2005 “Violence and what to do about it”
Deprivation
What do Employers Want?
Percentage of Employers reporting an employee skill gap.
Planning and organising
Customer handling skills
Problem solving skills
Team working skills
Oral communication skills
Other technical and practical skills
Written communication skills
Basic computer literacy / using IT
Strategic management skills
Advanced IT or software skills
Using numbers
Literacy skills
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Future Skills Bar Chart. See Future Skills Scotland Website,
Employer Survey 2004, p27, fig 15.
50%
60%
Rates of Return to Human Capital
Rates of Return to Human Capital
Higher Education
Secondary
Primary
Preschool
Public Health Model
Societal
Lack of punishment for
pre cursor offences – knife
carrying
Lack of visible swift
justice
Links to deprivation
Scottishness
Community
Cultural norms
Legitimisation of violence
Access to and use of alcohol
Lack of aspiration
Dependancy
Relationship
Parenting
Lack of knowledge
Friends that engage in
violence
Prevalence of gang culture
Violent families –
siblings/parents
Lack of significant
adults/positive role model
Individual
Lack of communication skills
Poor behavioural control
Impulsiveness
Aggressive behaviour
Lack of skills to deal with
conflict
Lack of “life” skills
Exclusion from
Services/Schools
Nutrition Diet Health
Alcohol
Lack of employment
opportunities
The Big Seven
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Enrich Early Years Experience
Develop Adolescent Life Skills
Reduce Access to Alcohol
Reduce Access to Lethal Means
Promote Gender Equality
Change Cultural and Social Norms
Victim Identification and support
World Health Organisation
Liverpool JMU
Purpose
Government Economic Strategy
National Outcomes
NATIONAL PERFORMANCE
SOAs
birth
LIFE JOURNEY
10
16
18
Valuing our Young People
Early Years Framework
More Choices More Chances
Curriculum for Excellence
GIRFEC
Promoting Positive Outcomes (ASB)
YJ Framework
NATIONAL POLICIES
Road to Recovery (Drugs)
Alcohol framework
Equally Well (Health Inequalities)
Achieving our Potential (Poverty)
National perspective - violence
•
•
•
•
Wicked problem – for leaders not technicians
Partnership in action – policy and practice
Outcomes not processes
Public health inspired response
– Interdisciplinary (partnership)
– Evidence-led (problem profile – outcome evaluation)
– Prevention focused (earlier, more effective intervention –
further upstream)
– Whole population/targeted (ecological model)
Challenges
• Joining up
– Widening the coalition – health, education . . .
– Dilution - everyone’s a partner; no-one’s responsible
– Push me/pull me - Links between national policies and
local policy/delivery.
– Outcomes – shared language? A new jargon?
• Scaling up
– Fragmented delivery landscape
– Lack of robust outcome evaluation (What works?)
– Resources – state of public finances – opportunity?
• Wising up
– Leadership – working the system - out of the comfort
zone – doing things differently. This is a highly
It is only with the positive commitment of
strategic architects like you, that we can
hope to make a real difference to the future
of Scotland.
The Violence Reduction Alliance Pledge is
our shared vision to start building our
alliance for a safer Scotland. We would
appreciate your continued support in
building that alliance.
Do you agree with the pledge?
YES
NO
If you disagree, please explain why:
The Action on Violence website www.actiononviolence.com has been developed
to share information on events and initiatives andpromote best practice, between alliance
members and other interested parties.
I would like to receive updates on what is happening in Action on Violence
I would like to be a member of the Violence Reduction Alliance
(I agree to my details below, being added to the website so as to share good practice on violence reduction across Scotland)
Name…………………………….. Email Address………………………
Organisation…………………….. Contact Telephone No…………….