Thailand Socio-Economics
Development
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East Asia Colonialism in 19th century
Causes
Consequences
Sin in the past, Shape of the future
Bowring Treaty and the development of
Thailand socio-economics
• Status of development: developed or
undeveloped nation?
Portuguese expeditions 1415–1542: Portuguese spice trade routes in the
Indian Ocean
Imperialism and Capitalism
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the highest (advanced) stage of capitalism Lenin(1817)
The essay is a synthesis of Lenin’s modifications and
developments of economic theories had formulated and
became Karl Marx Das Kapital (1867).
Capitalism required monopolies (of labour and naturalresource exploitation) and the exportation of finance
capital (rather than goods) to sustain colonialism
Under Lenin or Marx idea, in the capitalist homeland, the
profits yielded by the colonial exploitation of a people and
their economy, permit businessmen to bribe native
politicians, labor leaders and the labor aristocracy (upper
stratum of the working class) to politically thwart worker
revolt (labor strike).
China as a Center of Civilization
• Massive Population
– Growing population, large work force, need no
industrialization
• Advanced Civilization
– Inventor (compass, gun powder) and producer of fine
goods by skilled artisan (porcelain)
• Control local and international trade
– government monopolized trade “Canton System”
• Very long History => Cultural Chauvanism
– Superior to other countries
– As a consequence: unwilling to learn from others
European Trade and China
• Europe wish to access to Chinese markets
• Europe wanted most of Chinese items
more than China wanted from Europe
• China wanted trade settlement in gold or
silver only
• Britain solved trade imbalance problem by
opium as a payment instead of gold/silver
พระนางซูสีไทเฮา
แห่งราชวงศ์ชิง
Empress Dowager Cixi,
Qing Dynasty, was a
powerful and
charismatic woman
who effectively
controlled the Chinese
government from
behind the bamboo
curtain for 47 years,
from 1861 to her death
in 1908.
จักรพรรดิปยู แี ห่งราชวงศ์ชิง (1644 - 1911)
The Last Emperor Puyi of Qing Dynasty
Treaty of Nanjing: Consequence of 1st Opium War
Treaty of Tein Sin: Consequence of 2nd Opium War
Why China lost to Western?
• Technology is the key
• Both opium wars were determined on the
sea
• Firearms outright swords, arrows and
extend the distance of the front line
• Number of soldier was un-necessary
winning factor
• Economic aspect of Technology: Division
of labor => Expertise
โทกุงาวะ โยชิโนบุ โชกุนคนสุ ดท้าย
Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the last Shogun
ไซโงะ ทะกะโมริ (西郷 隆盛 ), 1828 – 1877 และ นาย
พลเรื อเพอร์รี่ ผูน้ าการเปลี่ยนแปลงมาสู่ญี่ปุ่น
Young Patriots in Satsuma
46 people gathered in Nagasaki with Saigo's
command, 1865. Photo by Hiroma Ueno
Saigō Takamori
Gunmusho (軍務
所) banknote,
issued in 1877 to
finance his war
effort
จักรพรรดิเมจิ
Emperor
Meiji
จักรพรรดิไทโชและจักรพรรดิ์ฮิโรฮิโตะ
Emperor Taisho and Hirohito
การใช้ทหารแทนซามุไร
Colonialism: Thailand and Japan
• Trade openness (trade liberalization) is a new form of
colonialism in 19th century
• Both faced the same situation in dealing with western
influences calling for open their countries to trade
• India and China are the good example of closed and
under-progressed economy that can not resist the
western modernization influences
• Modernization or Internationalization usually refers to
progress and/or development such as;
– Western style clothes or eating (cultures)
– Constitution (politics)
– Capitalism (economics)
Bowring Treaty (1855-1916)
การแต่งกายชาวจีน สมัย ร.5
King
Chulalongkorn
1868-1910
Selected Chronology of Western Influences in East Asia
Year
Events
Consequences
1840
First Opium War
Britain and China
1853
U.S. first arrived in Japan
1855
John Bowring
Thailand
1856
Second Opium War between Tianjin Treaty 1858
British and China
1858
U.S. second arrived in Japan
1868
Meiji and Chulalongkorn took started of Meiji Restoration (1868reign
1912) and Chakkri Reformation
(1868-1910)
between Nanjing Treaty 1842
arrived
U.S.-Japan Treaty of Peace and
Amity 1854
in Treaty of Friendship and Commerce
between Siam and Great Britain 1856
U.S.-Japan Treaty
Commerce 1858
of
Amity
and
Chakkri dynasty
King
known as
period of reign
Rama I
Yodfah
1782-1809
Rama II
Lertlah
1809-1824
Rama III
Nang Klao
1824-1851
Rama IV
Mongkut
1851-1868
Rama V
Chulalongkorn
1868-1910
Rama VI
Vajiravuhd
1910-1925
Rama VII
Prajadipok
1925-1935
Rama VIII
Ananda-Mahidon
1935-1946
Rama IX
Phumiphon-Aduldet
1946-present
Socio-Economic Development
• Under the Bowring Treaty
end of state trade monopoly
• International division of labor
lack of entrepreneur class
less saving lead to lack or depend on
foreign technology