• What type of government existed in most
European countries in the 1700s?
– Absolute monarch
• Kings that rule with complete power.
• Divine right:
– They believed this power came from God
– Therefore, kings though they could do anything
without any consequences.
Feudalism
King
The Catholic Church
Very wealthy
and powerful
They protect the king
And
The land
They work
the land
Lords or Noblemen
Knights
Peasants and Serfs
• King John
– Continued to raise taxes and gain more power
• Caused a problem with the Pope and the lords/barons.
• In 1215 AD
– Barons forced King John to sign the Magna
• Magna Carta (law)
– King had to obey the law
– Protected rights of the nobles
– Gave the people the Right to Due Process of Law
• The right to a court trial
• No unreasonable arrest or imprisonment
– No new taxes unless agreed on
–
G:\Runnymede__England__June_19__1215__The_Magna_Carta.asf
Carta
• Magna Carta led to the creation of
– Parliament
• Group of law makers
• The king now had to get permission from parliament to
raise taxes or pass a law.
• In 1603 James I became the King
• 400 years later
• He didn’t care about the Magna Carta
• He took complete control of the govt.
» absolute monarch
• King Charles I (James’ son)
– Also an absolute monarch
• He arrests and kills people without trials
• He uses parliament to raise taxes for war
– Parliament forces him to sign the Petition of Rights
– King can’t raise taxes
– King can’t imprison or kill without a trial
–
G:\The_Stewart_Dynasty_Clashes_with_Parliament__The_Petition_of_Right.asf
• King Charles I doesn’t care about the
Petition of Rights
• He sent men to kill the leaders of Parliament
• Leaders escape and raise an army
• Start of the English Civil War
• English Civil War (1642-1649)
– Parliament won
– Guess what they did to King Charles.
• Beheaded (first time a king was removed from
power by execution)
– Absolute monarchs would not be tolerated in England.
–
G:\1642__England_s_First_Civil_War__Oliver_Cromwell__King_Charles_is_Beheaded.asf
• England needed a government and a new leader
• England became a Republic and Oliver Cromwell
was the leader.
• Threats caused Cromwell to institute a military state
• More problems caused Parliament to bring back
the monarchy
• King Charles’ son (Charles II)
– Good king (Protestant) (he died)
• King James II (Charles’ brother)
– Bad King
– Absolute Monarch
– Catholic
–
G:\Cromwell_s_Military_Rule__Charles_II_Takes_the_Thrown__The_Writings_of_John_Locke.asf
• Parliament
– Secretly brought in James’ daughter, Mary
(Protestant), and her husband William
• They became the new king and queen of England.
• No fight, King James fled to France
– Known as the Glorious Revolution
• But, they first had to sign the English Bill of
Rights
English Bill of Rights
• English Bill of Right
– King could not interfere with Parliament
–
–
–
–
Parliament: law makers for the people
No taxes unless approved by Parliament
Accused person had the right to a jury trial
People were given the right to bear arms (weapons)
– Forced Monarchs to share power with
parliament.
• Limited monarchy or Constitutional monarchy
– Constitution limits the power of the monarch
• No Catholic could become a King
•
G:\The_Glorious_Revolution_and_the_English_Bill_of_Rights.asf
1. What is the significance of the Magna
Carta?
a) It approved money for wars in France
b) It asserted that the monarch (king) must obey the
law
c) It allowed the monarch to abolish Parliament
d) It limited the power of the pope
2. Which of the following rights in the US
Bill of Rights comes from a provision in
the Magna Carta?
a) Freedom of speech
b) Freedom of religion
c) The right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness
d) The right to due process of law
3. Which statement best summarizes the
idea of representative government as its
was established in the English Bill of
Rights?
a) Powers not granted to the king are kept by the
people
b) Laws are made and carried out by a group that
acts for the people
c) A strong central government protects individual
freedoms
4. The English Civil War was fought
between…
a)
b)
c)
d)
Puritans and Protestants
Parliament and the king
The two Houses of Parliament
The Stuarts and the Tudors
5. What did the Glorious Revolution prove?
a) That England would no longer accept a king
b) That the Magna Carta was accepted throughout
England
c) That the monarchy had grown more powerful
than Parliament
d) That Parliament had grown more powerful than
the monarchy
6. Before they could be crowned, William
and Mary had to…
a)
b)
c)
d)
Agree to become Roman Catholics
Promise to become absolute monarchs
Accept the English Bill of Rights
Agree to establish a democracy
7. Which one of the following was not a
document an English was forced to sign?
a)
b)
c)
d)
English Bill of Rights
Petition of Right
Magna Carta
Declaration of Independence
8. Which document signed by King John in
1215, helped to establish the democratic
“right of due process?”
a)
b)
c)
d)
Magna Carta
Petition of Right
English Bill of Rights
English Constitution
9. In a feudal society, what is the difference
between a peasant and a serf?
10. What was the major significance of King
Charles’ beheading?
Timeline
• Create a timeline
– From the Magna Carta to the English Bill of
Rights. (textbook p. 42-46)
• Include Kings, wars, relevant countries, important
documents, people and events.
• Be creative
– Use as many visuals (drawings, pictures) as possible
– Use blank computer paper or poster board
– Timeline does not have to be horizontal
1. What is the significance of the Magna
Carta?
a) It approved money for wars in France
b) It asserted that the monarch (king) must obey the
law
c) It allowed the monarch to abolish Parliament
d) It limited the power of the pope
2. Which of the following rights in the US
Bill of Rights comes from a provision in
the Magna Carta?
a) Freedom of speech
b) Freedom of religion
c) The right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness
d) The right to due process of law
3. Which statement best summarizes the
idea of representative government as its
was established in the English Bill of
Rights?
a) Powers not granted to the king are kept by the
people
b) Laws are made and carried out by a group that
acts for the people
c) A strong central government protects individual
freedoms
4. The English Civil War was fought
between…
a)
b)
c)
d)
Puritans and Protestants
Parliament and the king
The two Houses of Parliament
The Stuarts and the Tudors
5. What did the Glorious Revolution prove?
a) That England would no longer accept a king
b) That the Magna Carta was accepted throughout
England
c) That the monarchy had grown more powerful
than Parliament
d) That Parliament had grown more powerful than
the monarchy
6. Before they could be crowned, William
and Mary had to…
a)
b)
c)
d)
Agree to become Roman Catholics
Promise to become absolute monarchs
Accept the English Bill of Rights
Agree to establish a democracy
7. Which one of the following was not a
document an English was forced to sign?
a)
b)
c)
d)
English Bill of Rights
Petition of Right
Magna Carta
Declaration of Independence
8. Which document signed by King John in
1215, helped to establish the democratic
“right of due process?”
a)
b)
c)
d)
Magna Carta
Petition of Right
English Bill of Rights
English Constitution
9. In a feudal society, what is the difference
between a peasant and a serf?
Peasant works the land for money
Serf is like a slave. He or she
Is tied to the land
10. What was the major significance of King
Charles’ beheading?
Philosophes
Draw a Venn diagram and compare and contrast Hobbes’ and Locke’s
views on the role of government.
• Thomas Hobbes
• John Locke
– How did Hobbes and Locke differ in their views on the role of
government?
Create a table and write about the work and ideas of the following
people.
• Montesquieu
• Voltaire
• Dennis Diderot
• Jean Jacques Rousseau
• Mary Wollstonecraft
• Adam Smith (physiocrat)
– What is the difference between Mercantilism and Laissez-Faire?
Homework
• Read John Locke’s Two Treatises of
Government
– Page 59 in textbook
– Answer Thinking Critically Questions
• 1 and 2
• Redo your Venn Diagram of Thomas
Hobbes and John Locke
Pop Quiz
Philosophy in the Age of Reason
1. Who believed that people were naturally
cruel, greedy, and selfish?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Dennis Diderot
Mary Wollstonecraft
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
2. What is the “social contract?”
a) Agreement between the three branches of govt.
b) Agreement between the govt. and the people
c) Agreement between the citizens of a country
3. What type of government did Thomas
Hobbes support?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Democratic republic
Absolute Monarchy
Constitutional monarchy
Oligarchy
4. According to John Locke, why did people
form governments?
a) To defend their land
b) To protect their natural rights
c) To ensure the institution of slavery
5. According to Locke, what should happen
to a government that violates the people
it governs?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Absolutely nothing
New representatives should be elected
They should be imprisoned
It should be overthrown and replaced
6. According to Locke, what was the best
kind of government?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Monarchy
Dictatorship
Republic
Constitutional monarchy
7. Who attacked corrupt governments,
inequality and the slave trade?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Thomas Hobbes
Baron de Montesquieu
Adam Smith
Voltaire
8. Who called for equal education for boys
and girls?
a)
b)
c)
d)
John Locke
Sponge Bob
Mary Wollstonecraft
Pancho Villa
9. Who published the Encyclopedia?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Voltaire
Dennis Diderot
Abraham Lincoln
Rousseau
10. Which two groups reacted negatively to the
publishing of the Encyclopedia?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The English King and the Pope
The French government and the Pope
The German barbarians and the Scandinavian Vikings
Mr. Dabbs and Mrs. Beltran
11. Who presented the idea of three
branches of government and checks and
balances?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Rousseau
Voltaire
Hobbes
Smith
6. Who presented the idea about natural
rights? p55
7. What did Montesquieu think was
necessary to protect liberty?
8. What did Rousseau write about in his
book, The Social Contract?
16. What is the difference between
mercantilism and Laissez-Faire?
17. Who wrote the “Wealth of Nations?”
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Ch. 2 Section 1
Philosophy in the Age of Reason
Vocabulary
1.
Natural laws
•
Laws that govern human nature
•
2.
Social contract
•
3.
Agreement where the people give up certain rights in order to be
protected by the government
Natural rights
•
Rights that belong to all people from birth
1.
4.
Right to life, liberty and property
Philosophe
•
5.
Thinkers, or “lovers of wisdom”
Laissez-faire
•
6.
Gravity and magnetism
Government does not interfere with the operation of businesses.
Mercantilism
Great Britain
Moscow
England
London
Paris
Russia
Berlin
Poland
Vienna
Austria
France
Country
Capital
Great Britain
Frederick the Great
Catherine the Great
Moscow
England
London
Paris
Russia
Berlin
Poland
Vienna
Austria
France
Emperor Joseph II
Country
Capital
Enlightened Despots
Monarchy to Limited Monarchy Timeline
Parliament
Was created
1295
1215
King John
Signed the
Magna Carta
Charles I
Absolute
Monarch
1603
King James I
Absolute Monarch
English
Civil War
King vs Parliament
1642-1649
1622
King Chares I
Signed the
Petition of Right
1649
Charles
Beheading
Great
Revolution
1689
William
And Mary
Sign the
English Bill
OF
Rights
• Do I or any other employee have the right
to search your property when you are on
campus?
YES
But, we have to have reasonable cause
Reason for search
Thomas Hobbes
Wrote; Leviathon
He wrote that people are
Naturally cruel, greedy, and
Selfish.
17th century
English
Philosophes
John Locke
Wrote: Two Treatises
Of Government
He believed that people had the
Right to live, to be free and
To own property
Thinker’s works and ideas
1. Montesquieu
Separation of Powers
legislative, executive, and judicial.
Checks and Balances
2. (Voltaire)
• Supported
3. Dennis Diderot
free speech
•Published the Encyclopedia
4. Rousseau
•He believed that the people had the right
to remove a govt. that did not protect them.
5. Mary Wollstonecraft
•She believed educating boys and girls
would bring equality
6. Adam Smith
(physiocrat)
•Book: Wealth of Nations
•Supported laissez-faire over mercantilism
Enlightenment Period
• Enlightenment Period
• 17th -18th century European intellectual movement
• Enlightened Despot
– Ruler who has been enlightened by the
writings of philoshopes such as, Hobbes,
Locke, Voltaire, etc.
– These rulers want to improve the lives of the
people
Frederick the
Great
Catherine the
Great
Emperor
Joseph II
•Enlightened Despot
•Prussia
•E. D.
•Russia
•E.D.
• Austria
•Reduced Torture
•Abolished torture
•Tolerated different
religions
•Freedom of the Press
•Tolerated different
•Tolerated different
religions
religions
•Disagreed with serfdom •Abolished serfdom
(slavery)
Russia
Austria
Enlightened
Despots
• G:\The_Importance_of_the_Enlightenment.asf
•G:\Enlightenment_Philosophers__Locke__Voltaire__and_Montesquieu_.asf
1. The European intellectual movement
that emphasized that the government
should protect people’s natural rights
was called the…
a)
b)
c)
d)
Glorious Revolution
Reformation
Enlightenment
Great Awakening
2. The phrase “natural rights” is original to and
central to the writings of which philosopher?
a)
b)
c)
d)
John Locke
Montesquieu
Rousseau
James Madison
3. The Declaration of Independence reflects the
Enlightenment in that it expresses the
philosophy that the power of government comes
from…
a)
b)
c)
d)
God
The people
Natural rights
The Constitution
4. Which statement best summarizes the
role of government in the “social
contract?”
a) Its basis is the rights and responsibilities of the
people
b) It has legislative, executive, and judicial
responsibilities
c) It guarantees life, liberty, and the ownership of
property
d) Its main purpose is to interpret laws
5. What principle is directly reflected in the division
of a government into three branches?
Enforce Laws
a)
b)
c)
d)
Natural laws
Separation of powers
Make Laws
The social contract
Democracy and independence
Interpret Laws
Britain
Native Americans
Spaniards
(white)
(black)
(Arab)
Mestizo
Spain
• G:\AMERICA_DECLARES_INDEPENDE
NCE_.asf
Flow Chart
After 1763:
1. Britain made new
taxes on the
American colonies
1770:
2. Five protesters died
in the Boston
Massacre.
•
1773:
3. Boston Tea Party
to protest a tax on
tea.
•
Colonist attack the
British
British attack colonist
April 1775:
4. Revolutionary War
begins between
American colonies
and the British
Flow Chart
July 4, 1776:
5. Continental
Congress signed
the Declaration of
Independence
1777:
6. American victory at
Battle of Saratoga.
France joins
American side.
1781
7. The British
surrender at
Yorktown
1783
8. Treaty of Paris
signed. End of the
Revolutionary War.
1. George Washington
led the colonists
Flow Chart
1787:
9. Delegates wrote new Constitution
for the U.S.
1. They wrote it because the Articles of
Confederation were too weak
2. New Constitution had a Bill of Rights
1. First ten Amendments
U.S. Bill of Rights
first 10 Amendments
1. Amendment
• Freedoms
•
•
•
•
•
religion
Speech
Press
To assemble
To petition the Government
Amendment 2, 3, 4
2. The right to bear arms
•
Can own and carry a weapon
3. Government can’t force you to house a
soldier in your home
4. Right to privacy
1. No illegal searches of property or person without
a warrant of probable cause
1. Only the area stated on the warrant can be searched
Amendment 5
5. Cannot be tried twice for the same crime
1. Who did these
colonies belong to
before 1776?
New Hampshire
New
York
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
Delaware
Virginia
Maryland
Richmond
North Carolina
South Carolina
Wilmington
Georgia
Charles Town
Savannah
Massachusetts
Boston
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York City
New Jersey
New Hampshire
New
York
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
Delaware
Virginia
Maryland
Richmond
North Carolina
South Carolina
Wilmington
Georgia
Charles Town
Savannah
Massachusetts
Boston
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York City
New Jersey
Section 2
Enlightenment Ideas Spread
Vocabulary
• Salon
– A place were artist, writers, scientists, and
philosophers went.
• Enlightened despot
– Absolute rulers who used their power to bring
about change
• Baroque
– Ornate Style of art popular in the 1600s.
Enlightenment ideas Spread
Reviewing key terms
10. Salon
11. Enlightened Despot
12. baroque
13. What were Catherine II contribution to
Russia?
14. What is serfdom and in which country
did serfdom become more rooted in
society?
15. What did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
accomplish that made him important?
Great Britain
A. North Sea
B. Manchester
C. England
D. London
E. Scotland
F. Dublin
G. Ireland
H. English Channel
I. Wales
Scotland
Ireland
England
Great Britain
Atlantic Ocean
Scotland
Ireland
England
France
Section 3
Britain at Mid-Century
FACTOR
• Geography
• War
• Business Climate
EXPLANATION
• Britain is an island. Its
location made it well
placed to control
trade
• Britain had a powerful
military. victory
brought new land
• Had fewer restrictions
on trade than France
Britain at Mid-Century
FACTOR
EXPLNATION
• Union with Scotland
• Created a larger
market for farmers
and manufactures
• Ireland
• Tories and Whigs
helped keep a
balance between the
king and rebels
Section 3
Constitutional Government
Political Parties
6.Whigs and
Tories kept a
balance
between the
king and the
rebels.
The Prime Minister
The Cabinet
7. The Cabinet help to
set policy, but it could
be abolished.
8. The leader of
the cabinet and
Parliament.
Section 3
Reviewing Key Terms
• Constitutional Government
– A government whose power is defined and
limited by law
• Oligarchy
– A government in which the ruling power
belongs to a few people
• Prime Minister
– The leader of the cabinet and leader fo the
majority party in Parliament
Problems begin
• French and Indian War
– After this war, King George began to tax the
colonist to pay for the war.
– Colonist did not like being taxed without
having a say/vote.
• No taxation without representation
– At the time they didn’t have any representation in
Parliament
Key People and terms
10. Thomas Jefferson:
•
Wrote the document that declared American
independence from Britain
11. Treaty of Paris
•
12.
Ended the American Revolutionary War against
Britain
Navigation Acts
Key People and terms
10. Continental Congress
•
Group of American colonial leaders who
decided to set up an army and fight Britain
11. Battle of Saratoga
•
This battle was a turning point of the war.
When Americans won this battle, the French
decided to help Americans fight the British.
Ch 1 Section 4
1. What was the name of the treaty that
ended the American Revolutionary War?
2. Where did the ideas for the Constitution
originate?
3. Why did colonists resent the British taxes
they were required to pay?
4. Who wrote the Declaration of
Independence?
5. Why did delegates gather to write a
Constitution?
6. What was the name of the Battle that
convinced the French to join the
American side?
7. What was the name of the colonial
leaders who made decisions during the
American Revolution?
8. Why did colonists in Boston hold the
Boston Tea Party?