 Charles I
 Parliament
 Oliver Cromwell
 Puritans
 Restoration
 Glorious Revolution
 Enlightenment
 Age of Reason

 Identify the key political events of the age.
 What trend in publishing characterizes the era?

 Charles I and Parliament – frequently clashed over money, he dissolved it and didn’t call them into session for 11 years
 Had issues with religious due to trying to get them to conform
 Civil War – Cromwell defeated the royalist army and took Charles as prisoner, he was beheaded
 New government was known as the English
Commonwealth he was named Lord Protector and was a virtual dictator

 When Cromwell died Charles II was crown
 He promoted composers and painters
 James II was his successor was a devout Catholic
 Parliament invited his Protestant daughter Mary to rule with her husband William of Orange
 James escaped to France and this was known as the
Glorious Revolution because no blood was shed
 Bill of Rights – limited constitutional monarchy
 Conservatives, aristocratic Tories and the merchant class
Whigs

 The beginning of the Industrial Revolution
 Steam engine, loom – economic revolution increased
Britain's wealth
 The Enlightenment – through reason and observation of nature, human beings could discover the order underlying all things
 Sir Isaac Newton
 Mills and factories and poor working conditions were prevalent

 Jonson – strove for perfection and harmony in the classical authors
 Donne – Metaphysical poetry (unusual degree of intellectualism) new, witty, cerebral style
 Puritan Writers – John Milton – Calvinist educated in
Greek and Latin, studied the Old Testament, epic
Paradise Lost
 John Bunyan The Pilgrim’s Progress an allegory

 Dryden – From 1660 to 1700 (Restoration) poet laurate focused on the achievements of humanity
 Restoration Theater – noted for comedies
 Alexander Pope – neoclassical style, exhibiting wit, elegance, and moderation The Rape of Lock
 Jonathon Swift – Gulliver’s Travels critical of the merchant class
 Other authors = Defoe, Addison, Steele, and Johnson
 1800s will be an age of the language of everyday life, realistic