AIM: How can the achievements of the Mughal empire be
analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the
American civilization?
Homework: Create a travel brochure to India. Show in
pictures in words the great things there are to see in India.
Encourage people to visit India.
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
Early History….
• In the 1100s, Muslim invaders entered
northern India and organized a
sultanate, or land ruled by a sultan.
• Rajputs, or “sons of kings” ran the land
prior to the sultans who came in.
• 13th – 16th Century (1200-1500)
- 33 different sultans ruled the “Delhi
Sultanate” (Delhi is the capital of India)
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
Babur Founds an Empire…
• 1494 – Babur inherits this large
kingdom (what is now Uzbekistan and
Tajikistan)
• He is too young to rule and is sent
south forever.
• 1530 - Babur dies and grandson Akbar
rules.
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
Akbar’s Golden Age…
- Rules from 1556-1605
MILITARY CONQUEROR
• Equipped army with a lot of
weapons.
• Extended rule into Deccan
• Allowed “rajputs” to be
officers in newly governed
area.
• Turned enemies into
ALLIES!
LIBERAL RULER!
• Allowed for religious
toleration.
– EX: Married two Hindu
women, a Christian
and a Muslim.
– EX: Abolished taxes
on “non-muslims” and
Hindu people.
– KEEP YOUR FRIENDS
– EX: Appointed a
CLOSE AND YOUR ENEMIES
Spanish Jesuit to tutor
CLOSER! 
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
his
son.
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the
American
civilization?
The Arts and Architecture
ARTS AND
LITERATURE
• Book Illustrations!
– Small, detailed and
colorful.
“Miniatures”
– “Akbarnamah”
(Book of Akbar)
• Poet:Tulsan Das
• Wrote:
“Ramcaritmanas”
– Retold story of
Rama and Sita.
ARCHITECTURE
• Akbar style
architecture
developed.
– Decorated with
intricate stonework of
Hindu Themes.
– EX: Fatehpur Sikri
(a red sandstone city
built by Akbar for a
man who had
predicted the birth of
his first son).
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
FatehpUR
Sikri
Built: 1571
It was the political capital of
IndIa’s Mughal EMpIrE undEr
Akbar's reign, from 1571 until
1585.
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
TAJ MAHAL
Caligraphy
(Persian)
Tombs of
Shah Jahan
& Mumtaz
MahalBuilt: 1648
Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built this in
Memory Aim/Goal:
of his
Wife Mumtaz mahal.
How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
Jama
Masjid
Built: 1656
“thE MosquE coMMandIng a vIEw of thE world.”
The mosque is a real example of great
architecture that existed during the Mughal
period.
blend of both Hindu and Mughal style of
architecture.
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
Lotus
Temple
of
DelHI
Temple=Symbol of Lotus Flower.
Built: 1984
Hindus associate the lotus blossom with the gods
Vishnu, Brahma, and the goddesses Lakshmi and
Sarasvati.
From ancient times the lotus has been a divine
symbol in Hindu tradition, an example of divine
beauty, Its unfolding petals suggest the expansion
of the soul.
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
AKBAR’S SUCCESSORS
(people who ruled AFTER him)
Shah Jahan Ruled: 1628-1658
• Jahangir’s other son.
• Killed any rival to his throne.
• LOVED TWO THINGS:
1. Beautiful Buildings.
2. His Wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
• 1631-Mumtaz dies at age 39
after her 14th child.
• Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal
after her and her beauty.
But, suffering existed, people were
starving, roads and irrigation
was needed. Instead, the
people got taxed because they
had to pay for his extravagant
building, war, and expensive
living.
How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Jahangir and Nur Jahan
• Nur was the real ruler.
• Removed son, Khusrau,
because he rebelled against his
father. Khusrau turned to
Sikhism, a non-violent religious
group that blended Hinduism
and Islam.
• Believed in unity of a
God, Reincarnation, and
rejected Caste System.
Aim/Goal:
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
AKBAR’S SUCCESSORS
CONTINUED…….
AURANGZEB
• Shah Jahan gets sick and his 4 sons
fight for power. Aurangzeb wins.
• He kills his older brother (the most
serious competitor) and jailed his
father.
• He AGGRESSIVELY rules from 16581707.
• Expanded size of Mughal Empire.
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
AKBAR
AURANGZEB
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
AURANGZEB: The CRUEL Ruler
– EX: Enforced ONLY Islamic laws.
– EX: Brought back tax on Hindus and non-Muslims. (doubled
them!)
– EX: employed police to watch people and make sure they
were praying at the correct times.
– EX: Erase gains made by Hindus during Akbar’s time.
– EX: Hindus and Non-Muslims couldn’t hold government
positions.
– EX: Hindu monuments ruined.
• Rajputs (who became friends with Muslims thanks to
Akbar) were outraged. They decided to make their
own state.
• Hindus began to have a deep seated anger.
• 1716 - Sikhs make their own state of Punjab
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?
THE MUGHAL EMPIRE’S
DECLINE
• Aurangzeb drained the empire of
resources.
• The state was weak.
• After Aurangzeb dies(1707), 3 different
emperors rule the area. However, none
ruled a united empire anymore.
• 1661-Western traders come in (Dutch,
English, Portugese) and take their
place in India.
Aim/Goal: How can the achievements of the Mughal Empire be analyzed?
Do Now: What are some of the achievements of the American civilization?