Social Darwinism and Anti-Semitism

Herbert Spencer
• Herbert Spencer is both an early sociologist and also the father of social Darwinism, against which most early sociology was directed.
• A way to explain the “success” of some societies and the “demise” of others.
• Spencer saw individualism and competition as the key to social progress.
• Argued that government programs are ineffective and lead to dependency.

Anti-Semitism
• Jews portrayed as murders of Christ
• Early usurers when money lending was illegal for
Christians.( only way for many Jews to survive)
• Often ridiculed and mistreated by the dominant group in society.

Dreyfus Affair
• Alfred Dreyfus- French Captain and Jewish
• Accused of selling secrets
• Accused and convicted despite the evidence
• Eventually pardoned

Pogroms
• 1880-1890’s pogroms est. in Russia
• Anti-Semitic parties established in Germany and Austria.

Symbolism
• Modernism
• Symbolism
• Post Impressionism

Imperialism

What is your definition of Racism?

• Extension of a nation’s power over another nation
• Economic or political
• Why?
Raw materials

1. Economic
2. Superiority
3. Expansion
4. Protection
“Cartoons”
Reasons

Who and where?
• Who and where?
• Good and bad?

Africa
• Europe driven by rivalry
• Slave trade
• Goods
• Europe establishes Protectorates and annexes land throughout the continent.

North Africa
• Muhammad Ali
• Suez Canal

Central Africa
• Dr. Livingston
• Henry Stanley
• King Leopold of Belgium
• Congo (N and S)

East Africa
• Britain vs Germany
• Berlin Conference 1884

South Africa
• Boers (Afrikaners)
• 1880’s Rhodesia and Cecil Rhodes
• Boers vs. Zulu
• Boer War 1899-1902
• Concentration Camps
• 1910 Union of South Africa

ZULU

Boer war

Remember
Me?