Unit 4
Review
1800-1848
Key Concept 4.1
• The United States developed the world’s first
modern mass democracy and celebrated a
new national culture, while Americans sought
to define the nation’s democratic ideals and to
reform its institutions to match them.
Key Concept 4.2
• Developments in technology, agriculture, and
commerce precipitated profound changes in
U.S. settlement patterns, regional identities,
gender and family relations, political power,
and distribution of consumer goods.
Key Concept 4.3
• U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade,
expanding its national borders, and isolating
itself from European conflicts shaped the
nation’s foreign policy and spurred
government and private initiatives.
• The U.S. defined itself as a nation during this
period
• Rapid demographic, economic and territorial
growth
• Development of mass democracy
• Birth of a new national culture
• Creation of a market economy
• Advancements in industry and transportation
• Development of new reform movements
• Conflict with Native Americans
• Nativism and Anti-foreignism
• Native Americans, African Americans and
women were not included in the new
democracy
Jefferson
• “The Revolution of 1800”
• Louisiana Purchase
– Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)
• Increased geographic and scientific knowledge of the
region; better claim to Oregon territory
• Barbary Pirates
• Embargo Act (1807)
The War of 1812
• Non-intercourse Act (1809) and Macon’s Bill
No. 2 (1810)
• War Hawks
– Democratic-Republicans in Congress
– Many from the frontier states
– Wanted war with Britain- defend American honor;
gain Canada; remove Indian threat on frontier
• Hartford Convention
• The Treaty of Ghent
The Era of Good Feelings
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Federalist Party collapsed
James Monroe President
1816 to about 1819
Issues such as tariff and sectionalism still
existed
The Rise of the Common Man
• By the 1820s
• Shift to universal manhood suffrage
• Many states eliminated property
requirements for voting
• States began to allow voters to choose
representatives to the Electoral College as
opposed to state legislatures
Reform
• Influenced by Second Great Awakening
• Belief that humans could achieve
perfectionism
• Reformers looked to influence politics at the
local, state and national level
• Temperance
– Maine prohibited sale of alcohol in 1851
– Other states passed similar laws
• Abolition
• Prisons
• Asylums
Utopian Societies
• Some people sought to remove themselves
from society and establish communal societies
(both religious and non-religious) that would
be more perfect
• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
(Mormons)
– Founded by Joseph Smith and later led by Brigham
Young
Transcendentalists
• Influenced by European Romanticism
• Emphasis on connection between man and
nature
• Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Henry David Thoreau- “On Civil
Disobedience”- advocated passive resistance
as a form of protest