Role of the youth in disaster
preparedness and
management
that affect their lives while at the same
time gaining hands-on experience
designed to equip them become tomorrow
better leaders and initiate plans.
Youth can play an important role in
disaster preparedness and recovery.
Involving youth in disaster planning and
recovery can increase their awareness of
hazardous situations that may occur in
their neighborhood and teach them how to
respond in various types of emergencies.
Basic Disaster Preparedness
and Response Training
Engaging youth in disaster risk
management training and activities can
increase their awareness and knowledge on
what to do and how to act when disasters
occur, and may decrease the number of
both youth and adult victims and
casualties.
Youth plays an important role in disaster
risk reduction and management, and here
are what the youth can do:
1. The youth has the energy to take
immediate actions when emergencies
occur. When an actual disaster happens,
the youths are the most capable in taking
immediate action during emergencies
because they have the energy to do it.
2. The youths are incredibly resilient
and creative. They are able to cope up and
adapt to changes. This allows them to
overcome difficulties in their lives,
including calamities and disasters, and
adapt with diverse range of people.
3. The youths can also contribute ideas
and actions during disasters. By
involving youth in disaster planning and
management, they will be better equipped
to respond appropriately and calmly when
confronted with an actual event.
4. The youth has the potential to become
a better leader and initiate plans.
Involving young people in disaster
management can help them learn topics
From assessing risks to building your
team, these basic steps can make a facility
ready to be prepared for fires, floods,
power outages, earthquakes, and the
unknown.
Getting ready on activities involved in
developing an emergency response plan is
the biggest reason to pay attention to an
emergency response plan to be prepared as
prepared as possible for an emergency.
While there is no one-size-fits-all
approach, there are common elements that
should be addressed in the creation of a
plan. Here are five steps that facility and
security key persons can use to help guide
emergency planning.
1. Know your risks.
2. Build a team.
3. Make critical information
quickly accessible.
4. Update your alert and response
procedures.
5. Test the plan.
BASIC FIRST AID
First aid – when you provide basic medical
care to someone experiencing a sudden
injury or illness, it's known as first aid. In
some cases, first aid consists of the initial
support provided to someone in the middle
of a medical emergency. This support
might help them survive until professional
help arrives. In other cases, first aid
consists of the care provided to someone
with a minor injury.
3 Steps for Emergency Situations
If you encounter an emergency situation,
follow these three basic steps:
1. Check the scene for danger. Look
for anything that might be
dangerous, like signs of fire, falling
debris, or violent people. If your
safety is at risk, remove yourself
from the area and call for help. If
the scene is safe, assess the
condition of the sick or injured
person. Don't move them unless
you must do so to protect them
from danger.
2. Call for medical help, if needed.
If you suspect the sick or injured
person needs emergency medical
care, tell a nearby person to call the
local number for emergency
medical services. If you're alone,
make the call yourself.
3. Provide care. If you can do so
safely, remain with the sick or
injured person until professional
help arrives. Cover them with a
warm blanket, comfort them, and
try to keep them calm. If you have
basic first aid skills, try to treat any
potentially life-threatening injuries
they have.
Remove yourself from danger if at any
point in the situation you think your safety
might be at risk.
First Aid Bandage
In many cases, you can use an adhesive
bandage to cover minor cuts, scrapes, or
burns. To cover and protect larger wounds,
you might need to apply a clean gauze pad
or roller bandage.
To apply a roller bandage to a wound,
follow these steps:
1. Hold the injured area steady.
2. Gently but firmly wrap the bandage
around the injured limb or body
part, covering the wound.
3. Fasten the bandage with sticky tape
or safety pins.
4. The bandage should be wrapped
firmly enough to stay put, but not
so tightly that it cuts off blood
flow.
1. First aid for burns: If you suspect
that someone has a third-degree
burn, call for help, dial the number
of the nearest hospital. Seek
professional medical care for any
burns that:
a. cover a large area of skin
are located on the person's
face, groin, buttocks, hands,
or feet
b. have been caused by
contact with chemicals or
electricity
To treat a minor burn, run cool
water over the affected area for
up to 15 minutes. If that's not
possible, apply a cool compress
to the area instead. Avoid
applying ice to burned tissue. It
can cause more damage.
Over-the-counter pain relievers
can help relieve pain. Applying
an aloe vera gel or cream can
also reduce discomfort from
minor burns.
To help prevent infection,
apply an antibiotic ointment
and loosely cover the burn with
clean gauze. Find out when you
should contact a doctor for
follow-up care.
2. First aid CPR: If you see someone
collapse or find someone
unconscious, call the local number
of the nearest hospital. If the area
around the unconscious person
seems safe, approach them and
begin CPR.
Even if you don't have formal
training, you can use hands-only
CPR to help keep someone alive
until professional help arrives.
Here's how to treat an adult with
hands-only CPR:
a. Place both hands on the
center of their chest, with
one hand on top of the
other.
b. Press straight down to
compress their chest
repeatedly, at a rate of
about 100 to 120
compressions per minute.
c. Continue performing chest
compressions until
professional help arrives.
3. First aid for nosebleed: To treat
someone with a nosebleed, ask
them to:
Sit down and lean their head
forward
Using the thumb and index
finger, firmly press or pinch the
nostrils closed.
Continue to apply this pressure
continuously for five minutes.
Check and repeat until the
bleeding stops.
If the nosebleed continues for
20 minutes or longer, seek
emergency medical care. The
person should also receive
follow-up care if an injury
caused the nosebleed.
4. First aid for heatstroke: When your
body overheats, it can cause heat
exhaustion. If left untreated, heat
exhaustion can lead to heatstroke.
This is a potentially lifethreatening condition and medical
emergency. If someone is
overheated, encourage them to rest
in a cool location. Remove excess
layers of clothing and try to cool
their body down by doing the
following:
a. Cover them with a cool,
damp sheet.
b. Apply a cool, wet towel to
the back of their neck.
c. Sponge them with cool
water.
Seek emergency medical care if
they develop signs or symptoms of
heatstroke, including any of the
following:
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nausea or vomiting
mental confusion
fainting
seizures
a fever of 104°F (40°C)
or greater
If they're not vomiting or
unconscious, encourage them to sip
cool water or a sports drink. Take a
moment now to learn about other
strategies to help someone with
heat exhaustion or heatstroke
recover.
5. First aid for heart attack: If you
think someone might be
experiencing a heart attack, call the
number of the nearest hospital. If
they've been prescribed
nitroglycerin, help them locate and
take this medication. Cover them
with a blanket and comfort them
until professional help arrives. If
they have difficulty breathing,
loosen any clothing around their
chest and neck. Start CPR if they
lose consciousness.
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First Aid Kit List
You never know when you might need to
provide basic first aid. To prepare for the
unpredictable, consider storing a wellstocked first aid kit in your home.
You can buy preassembled first aid kits
from many first aid organizations,
pharmacies, or outdoor recreation stores.
Alternatively, you can create your own
first aid kit using products purchased from
a pharmacy.
A standard first aid kit should include:
1. Adhesive Bandages (Plasters)
2. Sterile Gauze Pads
3. Adhesive Tape
4. Tweezers
5. Scissors
6. Disposable Gloves
7. Antiseptic Wipes or Solution
8. Pain Relievers
9. Thermometer
10. CPR Face Shield / Pocket Mask
Lifting & Moving Patients
Moving Victims:
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-
Moving injured victim will likely
cause further injury
In most cases wait for professional
help
May have to move a victim to
protect them from danger at a
scene
May have to move a victim to a flat
surface to provide CPR
Body Mechanics:
-
Back injury is a hazard for First
Responders
To minimize Risks, use good body
mechanics
Body mechanics are the principles
of using your body safely
o Know your physical ability
and limitations
o Plan the lift
o Ensure you have a good
grip
o Test the load
o Position your feet properly
before starting lift
o Lift with your legs, not with
your back
o Keep patient’s weight close
to your body
o Avoid twisting your back
during the lift
o Communicate clearly with
your partner and other EMS
providers
o Reposition a patient only
when necessary
o Reposition a breathing,
unresponsive, non- trauma
patient in the recovery
position
o Don’t move or reposition a
trauma patient unless
necessary to treat lifethreatening condition
o Allow responsive patient to
assume comfortable
position
Recovery Positions:
1.
a. Helps keep airway open
b. Allows fluid to drain from
mouth
c. Prevents aspiration
d. If possible, put victim onto
left side
e. Continue to monitor
breathing
2. For Unresponsive Breathing Infant
a. Hold infant facedown over
your arm with head slightly
lower than body
b. Support the head and neck
with your hand, and keep
nose and mouth clear
3. Modified HAINES
a. Extend victim’s arm farther
from you above victim’s
head
b. Position victim’s other arm
across chest
flexed knee and lifting with
forearm while hand
stabilizes head and neck.
f. Continue to support head
and neck position victim’s
hand palm down.
g. Check airway and open
mouth to allow drainage
Moving victims
c. Bend victims nearer leg at
knee
d. Put forearm nearer victim’s
head under victim’s nearer
shoulder with hand under
hollow of neck.
e. Roll victim away from you
by pushing on victim’s
1. Log Roll
a. Use log roll to move patient
from prone to supine
b. Three to five rescuers are
needed to safely roll patient
c. For trauma patient with
spinal injury, stabilize head
in line with body
d. The rescuer at the patient’s
head holds the head in line
with the body as two or
three additional rescuers
take position with hands at
the patient’s lower and
upper leg, hip and torso,
and shoulder
e. At the direction of the
responder at the head, the
rescuers in unison roll the
patient toward them, with
the head held in line and the
spine straight
f. The rescuers complete the
log roll, positioning the
patient on the back with
head and neck still in line
with the body
2. Emergency Moves
a. Use only if
i. patient faces an
immediate danger
ii. You cannot give
lifesaving care
because of location
or position
b. Risk of spinal injury
i. Moving patient
quickly risks
aggravating a spinal
injury
ii. Keep head & neck
in line with spine
iii. It is impossible to
protect spine while
removing patient
from a vehicle
quickly
c. Extrication from Vehicles
i. First Responders
may be trained in
rapid extrication
using cervical collar
and inline
stabilization of
head/neck
ii. Follow local
protocol
iii. Wait for EMTs
trained in special
extrication
techniques
d. One-Rescuer Emergency
Drags
i. Pull/drag patient in
direction of long
axis of body
ii. Don’t drag patient
sideways, and avoid
twisting neck/trunk
iii. Never pull head
away from
neck/shoulders
iv. Risk of spinal injury
can be minimized
by using a blanket,
rug, board, etc.
v. Choice of move
depends on
materials at hand,
patient’s condition,
and situation
1. Clothing
Drag
2. Blanket
Drag
3. Shoulder
Drag
4. Firefighter’s
Drag
5. Upper
Extremity
Drag
6. Upper
Extremity
Drag for
rapid
extrication
e. Emergency Carries
i. Used when patient
must be moved
immediately
ii. One or more
rescuers may carry
patient Method used
depends on patient's
size, condition and
situation:
1. Walking
assist
2. Cradle carry
3. Multiplerescuer
techniques
are safer
/less
stressful
iii. Use good body
mechanics/lifting
techniques
iv. Don’t try to lift/
carry person before
checking their
injuries
3. if Alone
a. Pack strap carry
i. Unresponsive victim
who cannot safely
be dragged
b. Piggyback carry
i. Lighter victim or
child
ii. Responsive victim
iii. Support the
patient’s weight
with your arms
under the patient’s
thighs
iv. If able, have the
patient clasp hands
and lean forward; if
not able, grasp the
patient’s hands with
yours to keep
patient from falling
back
c. Cradle carry
i. Lighter victim or
child
ii. Responsive/
Unresponsive
victims
d. Firefighter’s carry
i. Support the
patient’s weight on
your shoulders
while holding the
patient’s thigh and
arm
e. One-Person Walking assist
i. Responsive victim
who can walk with
help
4. With Help
a. Responsive victim:
i. Two-Person
Walking assist
ii. Two-handed seat
carry
b. Two-Rescuer Extremity
Carry
i. To carry a patient
down steps, the
forward rescuer
grasps patient's legs
under the knees
while the rear
rescuer reaches
under patient's
armpits from behind
to grasp the patient's
forearms
c. Two-Rescuer Assist
i. Both rescuers
position the patient's
arms over their
shoulders
ii. Each rescuer grasps
the patient's wrist,
with the other arm
around the patient's
waist
5. Non-Emergency Moves
a. Used to move patient when
no threat to life
b. Performed by multiple
rescuers
c. Not used if patient has
suspected spinal injury,
internal bleeding, or
uncontrolled external
bleeding
d. Stabilize patients before
moving them
e. Minimize any chance of
aggravating illness or injury
f. These moves are usually
performed by responding
EMS personnel
g. Before Using a NonEmergency Move
i. Complete
primary/secondary
assessment
ii. Correct any lifethreatening
problems
iii. Immobilize all
suspected fractures/
dislocations
iv. Ensure there are no
signs/symptoms of
neck/ spinal injury
6. Direct Ground Lift
a. Non-emergency moves for
patients without suspected
neck or spinal injuries
b. Used to lift/carry supine
patient from ground to
stretcher
c. Rescuers kneel on one side
of the patient
d. Rescuer at head places one
arm under the patient's neck
and shoulder and cradles
the patient's head
e. Rescuers lift patient to their
knees and roll the patient in
toward their chests
f. Rescuers stand and move
patient to stretcher
7. Extremity Lift
a. Two-rescuer technique used
for patients without
suspected injury to neck,
spine, or extremities
b. May be used with
responsive/unresponsive
patient
c. May be used to carry
patient a short distance or
move patient from chair to
stretcher
d. May be used to carry a
patient through a tight
space
e. The first rescuer kneels at
the patient's head and the
second rescuer kneels by
the patient's feet. The
rescuer at the head places
one arm under each of the
patient's shoulders while
the rescuer at the feet
positions the patient's arms.
f. The rescuer at the head then
slips his or her hands under
the patient's armpits and
grasps the patient's wrists
and crosses them on the
patient’s chest. The rescuer
at the feet turns around and
reaches his or her hands
back and under the patient's
knees.
g. Both rescuers move to a
crouching position and
assess their grip on the
patient
h. On a signal from the
rescuer at the head, the
rescuers stand up
simultaneously and move
forward with the patient
8. Extremity Lift – Alternative
Position
a. Preferred if rescuers must
move some distance or over
inclined surface
b. Rescuer at patient’s feet
may face patient and other
rescuer
c. Can be used to move
patient to side or short
distance
d. Transfer from Bed to
Stretcher
e. Assist EMS personnel
transferring patient from
bed to stretcher
f. Use either direct carry or
draw sheet technique
g. Not used with patient with
suspected spinal injury
9. Direct Carry
a. Position the stretcher at a
right angle to the bed,
ideally, with the head end
of the stretcher at the foot
of the bed. The stretcher
should be at the same
height as the bed. Unbuckle
the straps and remove other
items from the stretcher.
Both rescuers stand
between the bed and the
stretcher, facing the patient.
b. The rescuer at the head
slides one arm under the
patient's neck and cups the
patient's farther shoulder.
The second rescuer slides
one arm under the patient’s
hips and lifts slightly. The
rescuer at the head slides
his or her other arm under
the patient's back, and the
second rescuer places his or
her other arm underneath
the patient’s thighs near the
knees. Together, both
rescuers slide the patient to
the edge of the bed.
c. On a signal of the rescuer at
the head, the rescuers lift
and curl the patient toward
their chests
d. The rescuers step back,
rotate towards the stretcher,
and place the patient gently
on the stretcher
10. Draw Sheet Transfer
a. Loosen bottom bed sheet
and roll its edge on the side
where you will place
stretcher
b. Position stretcher alongside
bed.
c. Prepare stretcher:
i. Adjust height, lower
rails, and unbuckle
straps
ii. Both responders
reach across
stretcher and grasp
rolled sheet edge
firmly at level of
patient's head, chest,
hips, and knees
d. Slide patient gently onto
stretcher
11. Draw Sheet Transfer – Alternative
Method
a. Rescuers first roll patient
onto one side, and one
rescuer holds the patient in
that position. Second
rescuer positions a sheet
with rolled edge beneath
patient
b. The patient is rolled back
into original position, now
on the sheet
c. The rescuers together pull
on sheet to slide patient
onto stretcher
EMS Equipment for Moving Patients
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First Responders often assist EMTs
with packaging and moving
patients
A wide range of commercial
devices are used
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Learn devices you are likely to
encounter in your area
Typical Equipment for Packaging and
Moving Patients
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Long Backboard
Short Backboard
Vest Extrication Device
Standard Stretcher
Portable Stretcher
Orthopedic Stretcher
Basket Stretcher
Stair Chair