Fundamentals in Nursing Practice (RLE)
Summer Term
A.Y. 2022 - 2023
NCM 103: SCD 4
Infection Prevention
and Control
How to Perform Hand Hygiene:
Alcohol based hand rub
Soap and water
Hand Hygiene
Without water when hands are soiled
Hand hygiene is important point of
Supplies;
care
Mask
Transmission
of Infection
Warm running water
Sponge embedded with iodine 2%
Sterile to sterile scrub
Endogenous Infection:
An infection caused by an infectious
agent that is present on or in the host
prior to the start of the infection.
Exogenous Infection:
involve a pathogen entering a
patient's body from their
environment.
5 Moment
of Hygiene
Before - initial contact with the
patient or environmental contact.
Before - aseptic or clean procedure
After - body fluid exposure risk
After - patient contact
After
-
contact
with
patient,
environmental contact
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Fundamentals in Nursing Practice (RLE)
Summer Term
A.Y. 2022 - 2023
NCM 103: SCD 4
Vital Signs
Taking and Recording
Also known cardinal signs. These are
set of medical measurement that are
used to assess body's basic functions.
Considerations
Process involved in Heat Loss:
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation
Factors Affecting Body
Temperature:
Frequency
Age
Client Knowledge
Diurnal Variations (Circadian Rhythms)
Baseline data
Exercise
Hormones
Vital Signs Must be Taken;
Before and after surgery
Stress
Environment
After medication
After nursing intervention
Types of Fever
Body Temperature
Intermittent Fever - regular interval
Remittent
Fever
-wide
range
Balance between the heat produced by
temperature
the body and that the heat loss from
Constant Fever - continuous fever
the body.
Relapsing Fever - recurring fever
Core Body Temperature -
Fever Spike - septic shock
temperature of body internal organs
Surface Body Temperature - skin
temperature
Factors Affecting Body's Heat
Production:
Basal metabolic rate
Muscle activity
Thyroxine output
Epinephrine, Sympathetic Stimulation
Fever
Types of Hypothermia:
Induced Hypothermia
Accidental Hypothermia
For Clients with Hypothermia:
Provide warm environment
Provide dry clothing
Apply warm blankets
Keep limbs close at body
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Respirations
Methods of Temperature Taking:
Oral
Is the exchange of oxygen and
Rectal
carbon
Axillary
dioxide
between
the
atmosphere and body.
Tympanic
Skin/Temporal Artery
Inhalation
-
also
known
as
inspirations, refers to the intake of
air into lungs
Pulse
Exhalation - also called expirations,
Is a wave of blood created by
refers to release of air.
contraction of the left ventricles of
the heart.
The heart is pumping and the blood
enters
the
arteries
with
each
heartbeat, causing pressure pulses or
pulse wave
Cardiac Output - volume of blood
pumped to arteries by the heart.
Formula: Stroke volume multiplied
by heart rate
Two Types of Breathing:
Costal (Thoracic) -
a mode of
breathing that requires contraction
of the intercostal muscles. This type
of
breathing
is
also
known
as
shallow breathing.
Diaphragmatic (Abdominal) - the
stomach, rather than the chest,
moves with each breath, expanding
while inhaling and contracting while
Pulse Sites:
exhaling.
Temporal
Apnea - Breathing that stops from
Femoral
any cause is called apnea.
Popliteal
Posterior Tibial
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Dorsalis Pedis
Pulse Quality:
Rhythm - regular or irregular
Rate - Bradycardia, Tachycardia
Strength
Blood Pressure
Pressure exerted by blood as it flows
through the arteries.
Hypertension - blood pressure that
persistently above normal
Hypotension - blood pressure that
below normal
A normal blood pressure level is less
than 120/80 mmHg.
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