Directorate: Curriculum GET: LESSON PLAN TERM 1 – 2021 SUBJECT and GRADE TERM 1 SOCIAL SCIENCE – GRADE 9 HISTORY Week 7-8: Extermination camps and genocide, the Holocaust, and the ‘Final Solution’ Examples of resistance to Nazism in Germany: Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Extermination camps and genocide, the Holocaust, and the ‘Final Solution’ Examples of resistance to Nazism in Germany: Warsaw Ghetto Uprising End of World War II in Europe LINK TO TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT PLAN FOCUS: World war 2 Section 1: Extermination camps and Genocide, the Holocaust and the ‘Final Solution’ Section 2: Examples of resistance to Nazism in Germany: Warsaw Ghetto uprising; End of WW2 AIMS OF LESSON Formulate a key question and use different sources on HOW THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF JEWS AND OTHER ‘INFERIOR’ PEOPLE WERE VIOLATED IN NAZI GERMANY. Pay special attention to new vocabulary. Analyse sources externally and internally. Use source-based and paragraph writing for this section. Essay: Explain how Hitler persecuted political opponents and other nations. Focus on historical concepts, core notes and structure of essay: introduction, main ideas and conclusion. Paper based resources Digital resources REOURCES • • • INTRODUCTION Learner need to refer to the accompanying power point slides 1 Textbooks: Chapter: Refer to the relevant digital resources e.g. links on the WCED ePortal https://www.thelearningtrust.org/asp-treasure-box https://youtu.be/KfnEy8FuElc https://youtu.be/HTMPrSbSFds Under Adolf Hitler the National Socialist German Worker’s Party became very powerful in Germany from 1933 to 1945. The Nazis wanted to get rid of people who they thought were not as good as they were. They especially hated Jews and thought they were evil. At the beginning they made life hard for the Jews in Germany and all over Europe. Later on, they decided to kill them. This mass killing was called the Holocaust. During world war two, the Nazi policy of persecution developed into one of genocide. This is known as the Holocaust. First Jews in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union were rounded up and shot. They were buried in mass graves. After 1939, the Nazis set up death camps (or extermination camps), where Jews were to be systemically killed. The Nazis referred to this as the ‘Final Solution’. Hitler’s Final Solution rested on the belief that Aryans were a superior people and that the strength and purity of this “master race” must be preserved. To accomplish this, the Nazis condemned to slavery and death not only the Jews but other groups that they viewed as inferior or unworthy or as “enemies of the state.” Most of these camps were built in Poland, which had the largest Jewish population in Europe. Jewish people from all over Europe were taken to these camps in overcrowded cattle trucks. Life in the camps was a cycle of hunger, humiliation, and work that almost always ended in death. The prisoners were crammed into crude wooden barracks that held up to a thousand people each. They shared their crowded quarters, as well as their meagre meals, with hordes of rats and fleas. At the camps they were forced to work and, once they were no longer able to do so, they were killed. As deadly as overwork, starvation, beatings, and bullets were, they did not kill fast enough to satisfy the Nazis. To mass slaughter and starvation they would add a third method of killing – murder by poison gas. Most were killed by poison gas. The most well-known camp was Auschwitz in Poland. It is thought that two million Jews were killed there. About six million of the nine million Jews in Europe died in the Holocaust. Most of them were from Eastern European countries. Jewish communities that had existed for thousands of years were destroyed. Jews were not only victims of the Holocaust. There were at least five million other victims well. They included 250 000 mentally or physical disabled people, intellectuals, political opponents, homosexuals, Jehovah’s witnesses, and 500 000 Roma [gypsies]. The Nazi also carried out terrible medical experiments on about 350 000 people without their consent. One of the best-known doctors who carried out these experiments was Doctor Josef Mengele. Millions of Slavic people from Eastern Europe also died doing slave labour or in the Nazi death camps Many Europeans who were against Hitler’s ideas tried to help the Jews. They often hid them, gave them false documents and helped them escape. A famous book called “The Diary of Anne Frank” tells the story of a Jewish girl whose family hid in Amsterdam for two years but were then caught. Hitler killed himself shortly before the war was over because he realized that he had lost the war. When it ended in 1945, Allied soldiers entered Germany. They liberated the concentration camps but were shocked when they saw what had happened there. Jews who survived the Holocaust had no place to go. They waited to find a new home. In 1948, the United Nations decided to give homeless Jews a new place to live. The state of Israel was founded and hundreds of thousands of European Jews went there to start a new life. The Holocaust is one of the most terrible periods of human history. In many countries, memorials have been built to remember those who died. Museums in Europe and America try to show what happened over 60 years ago and help our generation understand the horrors of the Second World War. WHAT CHOICES DID PEOPLE IN NAZI GERMANY HAVE? ➢ Many people blame the cruelty of the Holocaust on Hitler, the Nazi dictator. ➢ The uncomfortable truth is that it was carried out by ordinary people. ➢ It is easy for us to judge the German people. ➢ How could they let such terrible things happen? Put yourself in their shoes...... ➢ The Nazi system controlled the thoughts of people from a young age. ➢ Any art, literature or newspapers that might give a different perspective were censored. ➢ People who criticised the government were jailed or killed. Why did most people not resist the Nazis? ➢ Many people believed the propaganda they told. ➢ Others did not want to criticise the government as their lives had improved under Nazi rule – they had jobs, houses and food. ➢ Most were prepared to go along with the Nazis policies as long as the policies did not affect their own lives. ➢ Superior, armed power of the Germans against a largely unarmed population. ➢ German tactic of “Collective Responsibility” (usually 50 to 100 people were killed in retaliation for every German soldier killed) ➢ Isolation of Jews and lack of weapons (even the local population wouldn’t help if you escaped— Jews looked different and the penalty for helping them was death) ➢ Secrecy and deception of deportations (many people were forced to write postcards before they were gassed saying “Arrived safely. I am well.”) How did some people resist the Nazis? ➢ Open resistance was almost impossible, so most people resisted in ways that would not draw attention to themselves. They hid Jews in their houses or helped them to escape. ➢ People resisted in private ways by doing things they were not allowed to for example, they read banned books, or they listened to BBC. ➢ Political opposition that did exist had to work in secret – underground movement. ➢ Some people in the church resisted, but other including priests were anti- Semitic (prejudice against Jews). ➢ Sophie Scholl and her brother Hans were leaders of a student movement – the “White Rose – They were arrested and executed for their political activities. You would be resisting Nazi control if you had done the following: a) Listen to American Jazz music b) Printed opposition pamphlets c) Refused to join the Hitler Youth d) Wrote anti- Nazi graffiti e) Privately discussed a different government f) Pushed for higher wages g) Helped victims of Nazism emigrate h) Refused to give the Hitler greeting i) Underachieved in the workplace j) Protested at public meetings k) Refused to attend a Nazi meeting. Resistance by non-Jews: the White Rose MovementThe White Rose movement took its name as a symbol of something that stand for purity and ice of evil. ✓ Founded in June 1942 by Hans Scholl, a 24 year-old medical student, he was joined by his sister and another friend as seen to the left. ✓ They distributed leaflets against Hitler and even painted graffiti on buildings. ✓ They were captured in Feb. 1943 and executed four days later. Hans’ last words were “Long live freedom!” ➢ A few liked the nationalism of the Nazis whilst other feared the increasing power of communism. ➢ Nazi control was too strong for any resistance to succeed. ‘ ➢ It was only after World War Two that it finally came to an end. ➢ Nazi Germany was defeated by the Allies. ➢ They banned the Nazi Party and did away with all controls that Hitler put in place. Dietrich Bonhoeffer and the Confessing Church Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906 – 1945) was a minister in the Lutheran Church.He was one of the few church leaders to resist the Nazis. He was shocked by the attitude of church ministers in Germany who ignored what the Nazis was doing. He and other church leaders formed the Confessing Church which supported resistance against the Nazis. The government tried to crush the Confessing Church by arresting some of its members and making it illegal. Bonhoefer then worked secretly underground and helped many Jews escape from Germany. He was also involved in a plot to overthrow Hitler. This was discovered by the Gestapo. Bonhoefer was arrested in 1943 and executed at Flossenberg concentration camp in April 1945 – a few day before the camp was liberated by the Allies. He is still admired today for his courage. Read Pages 44- 48 for homework. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 1939 – Germans capture Warsaw – capital of Poland. Jewish people were forced to move into a small , walled area of the city called the Warsaw Ghetto (a poor area in a city where Jewish people were forced to live).By 1941, there were nearly 500 000 Jews living in the ghetto. Conditions in the Ghetto was poor: o Overcrowded – 13 people in each room. o Not enough medicine, food or fuel to provide heating. o Many people were cold, sick and starving. What did people do to keep their spirits up? ✓ They ran schools for the children ✓ Arrange activities such as reading groups, lecture and concerts. ✓ Some people formed a secret historical society to keep a record of life in the ghetto. 1942 - Nazis started moving people out of the ghetto and to the death camps. 300 000 people were taken from Warsaw Ghetto to the nearby Triblinka death camp and killed. 1943 news reached the Ghetto that the Nazis had completely destroyed the ghettos in other Polish cities. The remaining 65 000 people in the Warsaw ghetto knew this meant that they would be killed. They decided to fight back. How? When the German army attacked the Ghetto in 1943, the Jews fought back until they had no more food, water and ammunition. Their resistance lasted nearly a month. The German army set the ghetto on fire and threw poison gas into the tunnels where fighters were hiding. Jews were shot as they ran out of the burning buildings and tried to escape from the poison. Only 130 people survived. The Warsaw Ghetto uprising is the best known example of Jewish resistance to the Nazis. KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Explain and define core concepts. CONCEPTS • • • • • • • boycott coup d'État civil service Reichsführer retirement book burning concentration camp • • SKILLS The following skills will be addressed in this lesson: To extract information; interpretation and analysis of information, usefulness and reliability of sources and paragraph writing are important to understand and to apply. Ensure that the questions set in the activities address these skills ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT Activity: 1. What was the incident that the Nazis used as an excuse for the Kristallnacht riots? 2. Describe the different ways Jews were attacked during and as a result of Kristallnacht. 3. How did the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 attack Jews? 4. List at least 4 other restrictions placed on Jews by discriminatory laws. 5. What did the Nazis begin to do to the Jews of Germany in October of 1941? Tutor CONSOLIDATION 6. What did the police order German Jews to do beginning on September 1, 1941? 7. Describe the damaging effects of the Nazi requirement for Jews to wear a star badge. 8. How did some people fight back against the intent of the decree? List one way for Jews and another for non-Jews. 9. Why do you think the man describing the riot in Dislaken was bitter toward the police? 10. How do you think he felt about the bystanders? Explain why you think this was so. To summarise/ Remember the following: The “Final Solution” was a policy of genocide, the deliberate and systematic killing of an entire population. NOTES SUBJECT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GRADE 9 Skills (WHAT I am going to teach/guide/support…) TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES Source – based and paragraph writing Read through the Notes, and answer the activities. The Tutor has been used to provide tips on how to approach the following questions: To extract, give definitions of concepts, analyze sources and comparing sources and the power points for paragraph writing TERM DATE 1 10 –19 MARCH 2021 Resources / LTSM Teaching Methodologies/ Approach (WHAT I am going to use to teach/guide/support…) (HOW I am going to teach/guide/support…) • Identify the concepts that will be covered in the lesson • Use the video clips to explain the content • Refer to the sources and questions that will be addressed • Ensure that the learners understood what must be done. • Do the activities • Worksheet and Notes • Refer to the video clips • Refer to the digital resources that can be used PARENT’S ACTIVITIES LEARNER’S ACTIVITIES Parents to help with the understanding of Use of the textbook very important the topic in the textbook; the power and where possible access the points; reading with understanding should digital resources indicated in the also be a focus lesson Check list: Please refer to teacher’s activities • My child knows the content Y/N • My child understands the concepts Y/ N • My child could answer the questions Y/N • Can my child answer the questions? Learner activities: step by step, practical, keep it simple. Reflection: Activity 1 Read the notes and also refer to the video clips At the end of the section I can: Answer the questions. Note the mark allocation is an indication of how long or short your • Work with sources Yes / No responses should be. • Explain the concepts Yes / No Activity 2 • Discuss the content Yes / No Read the notes provided and do the activities including the Essay. I need help with:
