CONTROLLING
BUDGET
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
STAFF DEVELOPMENT
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
DEFINITION
• Performance is measured against
predetermined standards and
action is taken to correct
discrepancies but these
standards & actual discrepancies
• 5th & final step
DEFINITION
• A plan using numerical data to
predict activities of an
organization over period of
time & provides mechanism
for planning & control &
promoting each unit’s needs
& contributions
TYPES
• PERSONNEL BUDGET
– Largest of the budget expenditures
• OPERATING BUDGET
– Reflects expenses that change in response to
volume of services
• CAPITAL BUDGET
– Purchase of buildings and major equipments not
used in daily operations & more expensive than
operating supplies
METHODS
• INCREMENTAL BUDGETING
– Multiply current year expenses by inflation
rate/ consumer price index
• ZERO-BASED BUDGETING
• NEW PERFORMANCE BUDGETING
– Emphasize accountability, efficiency &
economy by emphasizing outcomes &
results instead of activities & outputs
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
DEFINITION
• Determines how well
employees carry out duties of
their assigned jobs
FACTORS
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Must be based on standards
E must have input into dev’t of standard
E must know standard in advance
E must know sources of data gathered for
appraisal
• Appraiser should be someone who has
observed E’s work
• A should be someone who E trusts & respects
STRATEGIES FOR ACCURACY
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•
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Develop self-awareness on biases & prejudices
Use appropriate consultation
Gather data adequately over period of time
Keep accurate anecdotal records for length of
appraisal period
• Collect (+) data & areas needing improvement
• Include E’s own appraisal of performance
• Guard vs. halo e, horns e, & central tendency
trap
TOOLS
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Trait rating scales
Job dimension scales
Behaviorally anchored rating scales
Checklist – weighted scale, forced checklist,
simple checklist
Essays
Self-appraisals
Mgt. by objectives
Peer eval
STAFF DEVELOPMENT
Comparison
TRAINING
• Organized method of
ensuring that people
have knowledge &
skills for spec.
purpose & that they
have acquired the
necessary knowledge
to perform duties of
job
EDUCATION
• Formal & broader;
designed to develop
in a broader sense
THEORIES OF LEARNING
• Androgogy & Pedagogy
• Social learning theory
– People learn thru direct experience
– Knowledge obtained by observing someone
else
– People learned by judgment voiced by
others
– People evaluate new info thru deductive &
inductive logic
OTHER THEORIES
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•
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Readiness to learn
Motivation to learn
Reinforcement
Task learning
Transfer of learning
Span of memory
Chunking
Knowledge of results
ASSESSING DEV’T NEEDS
• To establish competence
• To meet new learning needs
• To satisfy interest staff may have in
learning spec. areas
• To meet new technological &
scientific challenges
HOW TO DEVELOP EDUC’L PROG
•
•
•
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Identify desired K/S staff should have
Identify present level of K/S
Determine deficit of desired K & S
Identify resources available to meet
needs
• Make max. use of available resources
• Evaluate & test outcomes after use of
resources
EVALUATION
• Learner’s rxn
• Behavior change
• Org’l impact
• Cost-effectiveness
QUALITY CONTROL
DEFINITION
• Activities used to evaluate,
monitor & regulate services
rendered to consumers
• Ensure quality while meeting
intended goals
AS PROCESS
• The criterion/ standard is
determined
• Info is collected to determine if
standard has been met
• Educ’l/corrective action is taken if
criterion has not been met
AUDITS
• Systematic & official exam of records,
process, structure, environment or
account to evaluate performance
–Retrospective
–Concurrent
–Prospective
TYPES
• OUTCOME AUDIT
– Determine what results occurred as result of spec.
nsg. Interventions for pts
• PROCESS AUDIT
– Measure process of care/how care was carried out
& assume that the rel. exists bet. The process
used by the nurse & the qlty. care provided
• STRUCTURE AUDIT
– Rel. Exists bet. Qlty. Care & appropriate structure
COMPARISON
QA
QI
• Seeks to assure
that quality
currently exists
• Process is
ongoing & that
quality can
always be
improved
MODELS
• TOTAL QUALITY MGT.
– There is always room for improvement
• TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM
– Method of managing people engaged in
work emphasizing frequent problem-solving
& work redesign that has become the global
archetype for productivity & performance
THANK YOU…