Name Major Depressive Disorder Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Characteristics Anhedonia; depressed mood; change in weight/appetite, sleep, or psychomotor activity; fatigue; worthlessness, excessive guilt; difficulty concentrating, making decisions; morbid ideation More than 2 years of feeling depressed more days than not; change in appetite or sleep; fatigue; low self-esteem; difficulty concentrating, making decisions; hopelessness Severe recurrent temper outbursts (not developmentally appropriate) in more than one setting At least 5 of these symptoms: mood swings; marked irritability, anger, interpersonal Prevalence Lifetime: 16-20% Point: 7-13% 2x as common in women Lifetime: 2% Depressive Disorders Onset Duration Early 30’s 6-9 months Early 20’s Must present between ages 5 – 10 2% of women Median: 5 years Theories Genetics, brain structures, biochemical factors Negative triad Interpersonal theories Cohort effects Race/ethnicity Therapies Antidepressants, brain stimulation, light therapy, ECT Cognitivebehavioral therapy Interpersonal psychotherapy conflict; marked depressions, hopelessness, selfdeprecating thoughts, or anxiety/tension Anhedonia; concentration issues; fatigue; change in appetite, food cravings, overeating; change in sleep; feeling overwhelmed Name Bipolar I Disorder Bipolar II Disorder Characteristics At least one manic episode: elevated or irritable mood for more than a week; grandiosity; decreased sleep; more talkative or pressured speech; racing thoughts; distractible; agitation Criteria met for at least 1 hypomanic episode and 1 major depressive episode Hypomanic: at least 3 of the symptoms of a manic episode Prevalence 1.5% No gender difference Bipolar Disorders Onset Duration 18 Chronic Chronic Theories Genetics Brain structure Upset circadian rhythm Therapies Medication – mood stabilizers Interpersonal & social rhythm therapy Cyclothymic Disorder Many hypomanic & depressive symptoms for at least 2 years, not symptom-free for more than 2 months 0.5%-1% Adolescence 12-14 years Psychotic Disorders Positive Symptoms (present and/or extra): Hallucinations: sensing something that isn’t there o Auditory o Visual o Tactile o Somatic o Olfactory Delusions: persistent beliefs that don’t align with logic or argument; become very preoccupying o Perselutory: someone is out to get them or watching them (paranoid) o Grandiose: special powers or knowledge o Reference: random events have specific importance to an individual o Being controlled: thoughts are being broadcast, put into or pulled out of one’s head o Guilt/sin: one was the cause for something out of their control o Somatic delusion Disorganize thought and speech Inappropriate affect Negative Symptoms (absence of something) Name Restricted affect Anhedonia Alogia Avolition Asociality Characteristics Prevalence Onset Duration Theories Therapies Schizophrenia Schizoaffective Disorder Brief Psychotic Disorder Schizophreniform Disorder Delusional Disorder 2+ for at least a month: delusions; hallucinations; disorganized speech; disorganized or catatonic behavior; negative symptoms 1% worldwide (20 Late 20’s – early million people) 30’s for women Chronic, usually stabilizes within 5-10 years Late teens, early 20’s for men At least 6 months, one-month active phase Major mood episode + schizophrenia Delusions or hallucinations for at least 2 weeks in absence of mood disorder Sx for at least a day, less than a month Sx for between 1 – 6 months Only experiencing delusions Personality Disorders Cluster A: Odd & Eccentric o Paranoid distrust & suspiciousness of others o Schizoid detachment from social relationships & restricted range of emotional expressions o Schizotypal discomfort w/ close relationships; cognitive & perceptual distortions Cluster B: Dramatic & Impulsive o Antisocial Genetics Brain structure Neurotransmitter imbalances Prenatal viral exposure Cognitive impairments Urban settings, SES, immigrant status Antipsychotic medication Familyoriented aftercare Social skills training Inpatient/partial hospitalization disregard for and frequent violation of the rights of others lack of empathy o Borderline Instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, control over impulses Mood swings, feeling of emptiness, negative self-worth May participate in self-injurious behavior o Histrionic Excessive emotionality & attention seeking o Narcissistic Grandiosity, need for admiration Lack of empathy Cluster C: Anxious & Fearful o Avoidant Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitive to negative evaluation o Dependent Excessive need to be taken care of Leads to submissive & clinging behavior o Obsessive-compulsive Preoccupation with orderliness & perfectionism at expense of flexibility Theories: o Difficult temperament o Difficult parenting o Emotional/behavioral dysregulation, maladaptive beliefs about self/others o Negative reaction from others o Strengthening of temperamental difficulties Therapies o Psychotherapy o Psychotropic medication Name ADHD Neurodevelopmental & Neurocognitive Disorders Characteristics Prevalence Onset Duration Theories Therapies Symptoms of 5% worldwide Age 4 Into adulthood; Brain Psychostimulants inattention and 3x more common some children structure, Behavioral hyperactivity in boys grow out of it NT’s, genetic therapy factors Autism Deficits in social 1-2% interaction, deficits 4x more common in action in men Lifelong Major Neurocognitive Disorder Significant 5-10% cognitive decline in 65+ 1+: attention; planning, decision making; learning, memory; language; perceptual-motor; social awareness Specifiers: Alzheimer’s, vascular disease, Parkinson’s, brain injury of those Parental styles, operant conditioning Genetics, brain structure, prenatal & birth complications Theory of mind Brain abnormalities Genetics NT’s Gender & culture Psychotropic medication (reduces sx of agitation) Psychotherapy Medication slow rate progress Behavioral therapy to of
