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Review with Answers Chapter 3 Test
3.1
colony – a group of people who settle in a distant land but are still ruled by the government of their
native land
turning point – a moment in history that marks a decisive change
circumnavigate – sail completely around the world
Columbian Exchange – the encounter between the peoples of the Eastern and Western hemispheres
and beginning of a global exchange of goods and ideas
negotiator – a person who uses discussion to try to help others reach agreement
perspective – a point of view
viceroy – a person sent by a king to govern a province or country
reform – to improve by correcting an abuse
3.2
conquistador – Spanish conqueror
pueblo – towns
presidio – a fort built to protect pueblos or a mission
mission – religious settlement set up to convert Native Americans, ran by Catholic priest and friars,
and paid for by the Spanish government
peninsulare – born in Spain, 1st class or highest in their society (conservatives)
creole (criollos) – born in America to Spanish parents, 2nd or middle class
mestizo – mixed race between Spanish and Native Americans, 3rd or lowest class
encomienda – land grants that include the right to demand labor and/or taxes from Native
Americans
plantation – a large estate farmed by many people; slaves, sharecroppers, etc
council – group elected or appointed as an advisory or legislative body
3.3
northwest passage – shorter waterway though or around North America
Protestant Reformation – Christians that protested the Catholic teaching and began a new church;
Protestants
coureur (courier) de bois – runners of the woods
missionary – person who tries to convert other people to accept their religious beliefs
alliance – agreement between nations to aid and protect one another
environs – surrounding area
restricted – limited by authority or ability
3.4
charter – legal document giving certain rights to a person or company
burgess – elected male representatives to a government
House of Burgess – assembly of men that worked to write laws for the colony
representative government – voters elect representatives to make laws for them
Magna Carta – a 1215 British document signed by King John stating that:
1. monarchs themselves had to obey the laws (i.e. raising taxes)
2. citizens have basic rights (i.e. private property and trial by jury)
(This was the framework for the creation of British Parliament and the Bill of Rights)
Parliament – an assembled group of chosen and elected representatives;
Two houses – House of Lords (chosen nobles) and House of Commons (elected)
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3.5
Pilgrims – English settlers who sought religious freedom in America
established church – the religion chosen by the European ruler for the people of their country
persecution – mistreatment or punishment because of their religious beliefs
Mayflower Compact – a 1620 agreement between pilgrims and non-pilgrims, for ruling the Plymouth
Colony; signed before they landed at Plymouth; master laws that would ‘insure
the general Good of the Colony’; self-government concept
precedent – an example for others to follow in the future
Thanksgiving – day at the end of harvest season set aside by the Pilgrims to give thanks to GOD
enterprise – a project or venture that is difficult or risky
cornerstone – a fundamental principle
foreshadow – to hint at or suggest something that will happen in the future
1.
2.
3.
From 1607 to 1609, only 60 of more than 900 Jamestown colonists survived. One reason for the
low survival rate was that – the swampy location used caused disease to spread
One reason that the Mayflower Compact was written was to establish –
principles of government for the new colony
Which 1620 document was signed by male members of the community to establish a government
for settlers at Plymouth ?
The Mayflower Compact
The people will elect
officeholders
4.
5.
6.
Officeholders will
make laws
Officeholders will conduct
government on behalf of
the people
What would be the best title for the diagram above ? a Plan for Representative Government
Which colony was founded in 1607 and was successful because of its fertile land, plentiful game,
and abundant timber ?
Virginia
The missions founded in California during the 1700s are evidence of the cultural influence of
which group of people ? the Spanish
We whose names are underwritten…..combine ourselves into a civil body politic…..
–Mayflower Compact, November 11, 1620
7.
What is the significance of the document excerpted above ?
8.
it established a self-governing colony based on rule of the people
The reason that the Mayflower colonists signed the Mayflower Compact in 1620 was to –
9.
10.
11.
form a social contract for self-government
Why did the Pilgrims come to the Plymouth Colony in 1620 ?
The Virginia Company established the House of Burgesses in 1619, which –
was the first representative legislature in the English colonies
European migration to North America resulted in Native Americans experiencing –
an extensive loss of land
What year ? Timeline:
12.
to practice their religion freely
_1492_ – Christopher Columbus reaches the Caribbean
This begins travel from Europe to the Americas
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_1565_ – Spain builds a fort at St. Augustine
St. Augustine, FL is the oldest city in the United States
14.
_1673_ – French colonists explore the Mississippi River
Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet
15.
_1519_ – Hernando Cortes begins conquest of Aztec Empire
Spain takes all lands in present day South America
16.
_1607_ – English colonists arrive in Jamestown Virginia
1st successful English settlement in North America
17.
_1620_ – Pilgrims found the colony of Plymouth Massachusetts
They settled here seeking freedom to practice their religion
______________________________________________________________________________________
13.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
How did Spanish explorers find a route across the Pacific Ocean ?
by traveling a western route
Why did the voyage Christopher Columbus have a more lasting impact than earlier voyages ?
sparked a global exchange
How did exploration set off a global exchange of goods and ideas ?
people from the East met people from the West
Which answer best describes how conquistadors defeat two Indian empires ?
superior military equipment
The Spanish are known for exploring which areas ? Florida, California, Mexico, South
America, Central America, Louisiana
but not - Canada
In the code ‘Laws of the Indies’, Spain settled and organized its colonies in 3 ways
missions, pueblos, & presidios not -adobes
What was life like for Native Americans under Spanish rule ? encomiendas allowed Spanish
settlers to demand labor and taxes from Native Americans; they became Indian slaves
Why did England, France, and the Netherlands seek a Northwest Passage to Asia ?
new ways to reach the riches of Asia
How did the Protestant Reformation affect rivalries among European nations ?
Queen Elizabeth encouraged raids on Spanish
How did rivalry develop between New France and New Netherland ?
rivals in the fur trade
What challenges did the 1st English colonies in North America face ?
ran short on food and quarrelling with Indians
Why did Virginia begin a tradition of representative government ?
people wanted to have a voice in their own government
What group of people made up the new arrivals in Virginia after 1619 ?
English women
How did the European states control or regulate religion ?
established church
Why did the colonists at Plymouth feel they needed the Mayflower Compact ?
they were not landing in the chartered Virginia
How were the pilgrims able to survive early hardships ?
received seeds from a neighboring Indian named Squanto
34. List reasons that help explain why the Spanish conquered the Aztecs and the Incas so easily ?
1.
2.
3.
the Spanish carried diseases from Europe that the natives had never been exposed to
the Spanish had superior weapons and were well trained conquerors
the natives believed that the white skins were gods sent from the east
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35.
What was the main reason explorers had for traveling North from South America ?
they were looking for gold and other riches
36. Why did large numbers of average Spanish citizens wanted to come to the New Spain ?
1.
2.
3.
settlements provided a ‘base’ for future expeditions
new wealth could be found in ‘farming’ and ‘trade’
the Spanish citizens felt the responsibility to spread their Christian religion around the world
37. Out of Spain’s 3 types of social class, which was most powerful ?
peninsulares
Identify the reasons they were so very powerful in the new colonies ?
1. they owned most large tracts of land
2. they owned the gold and silver mines
3. they held most of the positions in government and in the church
38. What did the Spanish government’s land grant system, called encomiendas, include that
caused hardship for Native Americans (Indians) ?
it allowed the owners to demand from the Indians either payment in taxes or force them into labor
39. What contributed the most to the rivalries between the English and the Spanish… ?
the English were generally protestant and the Spanish were catholic
40.
Why was the House of Burgesses created in Virginia… ?
1. it was created to advise the colony’s governor
2. it was created to give settlers a voice in their government
41. By the 1600s, the Virginian African population had increased immensely. What caused this
increase in population ?
most of the Africans in Virginia were slaves
42. Give examples that prove the contact between European colonists and Native
Indians created a negative consequence.
1. Native Indians lost much of their land
2. Europeans introduced alcohol
3. fur trade nearly wiped out the beaver in upstate New York area
43. What happened to people of African origin after the colony of Virginia established laws to
create lifelong enslavement for?
1. the law made slavery commonplace in each of the British colonies
2. the law caused other colonies to take advantage and increase their own slavery
44. Explain why the Pilgrims want to establish their own colony ?
they wanted the freedom to worship as they pleased
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