Meeting : 13
Semantics IG 0352
Review
Learning Outcome
– Students are able to apply the knowledge from unit 7
- 12
Semantics IG 0352
2
Outline
–
–
–
–
–
–
Sentence, utterance and proposition
Reference and sense
Sense relations
Ambiguity
Properties of predicates
Derivation
Properties of Predicates and Derivation
–Derivation:
• Forming new words
• Based on existing words
• On regular basis
Sentence utterance and proposition
Proposition
Sentence
Sentence
U
U
U
U
tik 2 Utterances, sentences,
proposition hurford and heasley
U
U
Reference and sense
• Reference : relationship between a unit of
language and an entity in the world
– Referent : the entity referred by reference
– Kinds of reference : variable, constant , ..
• Sense : the relationship between units of
language
Sense relation 1
SENSE RELATION
WORD
SENTENCE
synonymy
paraphrase
Antonymy
hyponymy
entailment
semantics heasley and hurford
sense relation 2
– Antonymy (predicate)
• Binary
• Converses
• Gradable
– Contradiction (sentence)
A
– Homonymy : the different senses of an
expression have no relationship
– Polysemy : the different senses of an
expression have relationship in someway.
tik 11
semantics heasley and hurford
Ambiguity
• Ambiguity can be in the levels of words
(lexical) or sentences.
• The causes of ambiguity of sentence can
be from the ambiguity in the levels of
words or grammar or either or neither
Properties of predicates
Properties of Predicates
Symmetry
assymetry
Reflexsive,
irreflexsive
Transitive
intransitive
Derivation
– The process
• Morphological process
• Syntactic process
• Semantic process
– The classification
•
•
•
•
Inchoative
Causative
resultative
productive