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Date:______________
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Marine Ecology
Section 1: Energy Flow in the Ocean
Energy in Marine Ecosystems
1. How does energy flow in an ecosystem?
2. What does “one way” mean?
a. Trophic Levels –
i. What happens to energy as it is passed from one trophic level to the next?
ii. What happens to organism size as you move up trophic levels in the marine ecosystem?
Constructing a Marine Food Web
Food web 1:
Primary producers/Autotrophs -
Consumers/Heterotrophs –
Apex predator-
Food web 2:
Interpreting a Marine Food Web
Divide this Food web into all its trophic levels and label them
1) What is the primary Producer?
5) What would happen to the Krill population if the adult herring
population increased?
2) What is the apex predator?
3) Name some Primary consumers?
6) What would happen to the comb jelly population if the Barnacle larvae
population increased?
4) Name some secondary consumers?
7) What would happen to the water flea population if the adult herring
population decreased?
How energy enters the marine ecosystem
3. What is the difference between energy in a terrestrial ecosystem and energy in a marine ecosystem?
Autotrophs /Primary Producers–
4. What is the main primary producer on earth (and in the oceans)?
Chemosynthesis and Hydrothermal vents
1. What is chemosynthesis?
2. What are inorganic chemicals?
3. How does chemosynthesis relate to photosynthesis?
a. Photosynthesis:
b. Chemosynthesis:
i. O2 + CO2 + _______ C6H12O6 + _______
ii. O2 + CO2 + _______ C6H12O6 + _______
iii. O2 + CO2 + _______ C6H12O6 + _______
iv. O2 + CO2 + _______ C6H12O6 + _______
4. What types of organisms perform chemosynthesis?
5. Where does chemosynthesis happen?
a.
b. Hydrothermal vents –
Chemosynthesis
Where
does the
energy to
fuel this
process
come
from
What
type of
organisms
do this
process
What
kind of
food is
produces
What is
released
by these
organism
Photosynthesis
What is plankton?
Plankton5. What are the 3 ways plankton is classified?
6. How is plankton classified by size?
Net plankton –
7. How is plankton classified by trophic level?
a. Trophic level divides all plankton into 2 groups
Phytoplankton –
Examples of phytoplankton
Zooplankton –
Examples of Zooplankton
8. How is plankton classified by the length of time an
organisms spends as plankton?
a. Holoplankton are organisms that spend their
entire life as plankton (bacteria)
b. Meroplankton are organisms that only spend a portion of the life as plankton (larval forms of fish)
Growth of Plankton Populations
Plankton populations increase and decrease depending on
the availability of sunlight and nutrients
Limiting Resources9. What is the limiting resource on plankton growth in
polar waters?
10. What is the limiting resource on plankton growth in
tropical waters?
11. What is the limiting resource in on plankton growth
temperate waters?
Seaweed
Seaweed -
12. Why is seaweed not a considered to be a plant?
13. How is seaweed classified?
14. What is the purpose of a Pneumatocysts?
Marine Plants
Marine Plants –
3 Types of Marine plants:
1.
(Only True marine plant)
2.
3.
15. What is the regional difference between cord grass and mangroves?
16. Why are mangrove roots above ground?
Organism Interactions
Symbiosis- any relationship where two species live closely together
1. MutualismExample:
2. Commensalism –
Example:
3. Parasitism –
Example:
4. Predation a. Why predation is not considered a symbiotic relationship?
b. What is the difference between predation and parasitism?
Nutrient Cycles
1. Where do nutrients come from?
2. Why are nutrients important to
organisms?
3. How do dead organisms supply
nutrients?
i)
Detrius -
4. What are the three
nutrients that cycle in
the marine
ecosystem?