Response of fully-mixed tank to pulse input
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
c/c0
0.6
0.5
0.4
.38 c/c0
0.3
0.2
ktR = 4
ktR = 2
ktR = 1
ktR = 0
0.1
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
t/tR
2
2.5
3
Time from Injection of Tracer (h)
2
Count Rate with Floating Detector in
Outlet Bay (counts/s)
1200
4
6
8
10 12
14
16 18 20
22 24
26
28
30
5 (a) Feed Rate 0.055m3/s
1000
800
600
400
Perfectly Mixed System
200
0
8 March 1973
7 March
14
16 18
20
22 Mid
Night
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 16
18
20
Time of Day (hrs)
Concentration of tracer at outlet of pilot-scale river purification lake for three feed rates.
Figure by MIT OCW.
Adapted from: White, K. E. "The use of radioactive tracers to study mixing and residence-time
distributions in systems exhibiting three-dimensional dispersion." In First European Conference on
Mixing and Centrifugal Separation. Edited by N. G. Coles. Churchill Col, 1974.
Fraction remaining
Reactor performance for k = 0.5/day
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Fully-mixed tank
Plug-flow reactor
0
2
4
6
Residence time (days)
8
10
Chlorine contract chambers at Lynn WWTP
Cooling pond at Dresden Nuclear Power Plant