Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
Keith Hellman
March 3, 2005
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
1 / 16
Primary Colors
The art teacher says you can’t make the three primary
colors, if that is so, how do we make paints and fabrics with
those colors?
T HREE C RITICAL P OINTS
1
You can only generate the colors between
the two base colors by using different
proportions of each wavelength
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
2 / 16
Primary Colors
The art teacher says you can’t make the three primary
colors, if that is so, how do we make paints and fabrics with
those colors?
T HREE C RITICAL P OINTS
1
You can only generate the colors between
the two base colors by using different
proportions of each wavelength
2
Your art teacher is right about the limits of
combining pigments
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
2 / 16
Primary Colors
The art teacher says you can’t make the three primary
colors, if that is so, how do we make paints and fabrics with
those colors?
T HREE C RITICAL P OINTS
1
You can only generate the colors between
the two base colors by using different
proportions of each wavelength
2
Your art teacher is right about the limits of
combining pigments
3
Pigment combination is like math without
subtraction or division, you can’t make
numbers smaller! You can’t remove the
wavelengths you don’t want from a color!
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
2 / 16
Primary Colors
The art teacher says you can’t make the three primary
colors, if that is so, how do we make paints and fabrics with
those colors?
T HREE C RITICAL P OINTS
1
You can only generate the colors between
the two base colors by using different
proportions of each wavelength
2
Your art teacher is right about the limits of
combining pigments
3
Pigment combination is like math without
subtraction or division, you can’t make
numbers smaller! You can’t remove the
wavelengths you don’t want from a color!
4
Using laboratory techniques, a green paint
could probably be separated into blue and
yellow...
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
2 / 16
Primary Colors
The art teacher says you can’t make the three primary
colors, if that is so, how do we make paints and fabrics with
those colors?
T HREE C RITICAL P OINTS
1
You can only generate the colors between
the two base colors by using different
proportions of each wavelength
2
Your art teacher is right about the limits of
combining pigments
3
Pigment combination is like math without
subtraction or division, you can’t make
numbers smaller! You can’t remove the
wavelengths you don’t want from a color!
4
Using laboratory techniques, a green paint
could probably be separated into blue and
yellow...
5
...but why would you?
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
2 / 16
Primary Colors
Does it take a laboratory to separate all the colors?
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
3 / 16
Primary Colors
Does it take a laboratory to separate all the colors?
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
3 / 16
Primary Colors
Does it take a laboratory to separate all the colors?
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
3 / 16
Thunder
How is thunder created?
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
4 / 16
Thunder
How is thunder created?
1
Keith Hellman
turbulance in storm clouds separates
electrons from frozen clusters of water
molecules
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
5 / 16
Thunder
How is thunder created?
1
2
Keith Hellman
turbulance in storm clouds separates
electrons from frozen clusters of water
molecules
the positive charge goes to the top of the
cloud, the negative charge goes to the
bottum (still not well understood)
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
5 / 16
Thunder
How is thunder created?
1
2
3
Keith Hellman
turbulance in storm clouds separates
electrons from frozen clusters of water
molecules
the positive charge goes to the top of the
cloud, the negative charge goes to the
bottum (still not well understood)
the large negative charge of the cloud’s
bottum creates an area of positively charged
earth below the cloud
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
5 / 16
Thunder
How is thunder created?
1
2
3
4
Keith Hellman
turbulance in storm clouds separates
electrons from frozen clusters of water
molecules
the positive charge goes to the top of the
cloud, the negative charge goes to the
bottum (still not well understood)
the large negative charge of the cloud’s
bottum creates an area of positively charged
earth below the cloud
finally, the charge difference between the
cloud and the earth ionizes the atmosphere
between them creating a plasma
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
5 / 16
Thunder
How is thunder created?
1
Keith Hellman
this plasma conducts the electrons from the
cloud to the earth (the lighting strike)
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
6 / 16
Thunder
How is thunder created?
1
2
Keith Hellman
this plasma conducts the electrons from the
cloud to the earth (the lighting strike)
water molecules are vaporized due to the
heat (2H2 O + Energy →
)
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
6 / 16
Thunder
How is thunder created?
1
2
3
Keith Hellman
this plasma conducts the electrons from the
cloud to the earth (the lighting strike)
water molecules are vaporized due to the
heat (2H2 O + Energy → 2H2 + O2 )
electrons & water moleucules take up space!
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
6 / 16
Thunder
How is thunder created?
1
2
3
4
Keith Hellman
this plasma conducts the electrons from the
cloud to the earth (the lighting strike)
water molecules are vaporized due to the
heat (2H2 O + Energy → 2H2 + O2 )
electrons & water moleucules take up space!
the thunderclap is the rush of the
atmosphere back into ”holes” where the
water and electrons used to be
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
6 / 16
Is that the Ocean You Hear?
Why do you hear the ocean when you put a seashell up to
your ear?
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
7 / 16
Is that the Ocean You Hear?
Why do you hear the ocean when you put a seashell up to
your ear?
1
Keith Hellman
You don’t!
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
7 / 16
Is that the Ocean You Hear?
Why do you hear the ocean when you put a seashell up to
your ear?
1
2
Keith Hellman
You don’t!
Is it the blood pulsing through the your ear?
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
7 / 16
Is that the Ocean You Hear?
Why do you hear the ocean when you put a seashell up to
your ear?
1
2
Keith Hellman
You don’t!
Is it the blood pulsing through the your ear?
...no, because the sound doesn’t change
after you excercise!
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
7 / 16
Is that the Ocean You Hear?
Why do you hear the ocean when you put a seashell up to
your ear?
1
2
3
Keith Hellman
You don’t!
Is it the blood pulsing through the your ear?
...no, because the sound doesn’t change
after you excercise!
Is it m small amount of air circulation being
caught in the shell?
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
7 / 16
Is that the Ocean You Hear?
Why do you hear the ocean when you put a seashell up to
your ear?
1
2
3
Keith Hellman
You don’t!
Is it the blood pulsing through the your ear?
...no, because the sound doesn’t change
after you excercise!
Is it m small amount of air circulation being
caught in the shell?
...in space? underwater? different altitudes
("thinner" air)?
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
7 / 16
Is that the Ocean You Hear?
Why do you hear the ocean when you put a seashell up to
your ear?
1
2
3
4
Keith Hellman
You don’t!
Is it the blood pulsing through the your ear?
...no, because the sound doesn’t change
after you excercise!
Is it m small amount of air circulation being
caught in the shell?
...in space? underwater? different altitudes
("thinner" air)?
Most likely it is the ambiant noise being
reflected and echoed around inside the
shell.
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
7 / 16
Is that the Ocean You Hear?
Why do you hear the ocean when you put a seashell up to
your ear?
1
2
3
4
Keith Hellman
You don’t!
Is it the blood pulsing through the your ear?
...no, because the sound doesn’t change
after you excercise!
Is it m small amount of air circulation being
caught in the shell?
...in space? underwater? different altitudes
("thinner" air)?
Most likely it is the ambiant noise being
reflected and echoed around inside the
shell. ...sea shells don’t “work” in sound
proof rooms!
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
7 / 16
Is that the Ocean You Hear?
Why do you hear the ocean when you put a seashell up to
your ear?
1
2
3
4
5
Keith Hellman
You don’t!
Is it the blood pulsing through the your ear?
...no, because the sound doesn’t change
after you excercise!
Is it m small amount of air circulation being
caught in the shell?
...in space? underwater? different altitudes
("thinner" air)?
Most likely it is the ambiant noise being
reflected and echoed around inside the
shell. ...sea shells don’t “work” in sound
proof rooms!
Try it with your hands sometime.
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
7 / 16
Zero Gravity
Is it possible to live in a place with zero gravity?
So far, so good. The record is 231 days in space.
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
8 / 16
Zero Gravity
We already know that our muscles atrophy
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
9 / 16
Zero Gravity
We already know that our muscles atrophy
ATROPHY (a"tr@ fē)
A wasting or decrease in
size of a body organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of
use.
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
9 / 16
Zero Gravity
Life in Space is Still an Active Area of Research
Feb. 20, 2004, 7:36AM Astronauts to study zero-gravity effects with
ultrasound Associated Press
A U.S. astronaut and a Russian cosmonaut replacing the crew
aboard the International Space Station this spring will use an
advanced ultrasound machine to see how their organs function
without gravity.
"A lot of the science that we will be doing is going to further what the
space station has always been about – and that is to understand how
humans can live and work in space ...," astronaut Mike Fincke said
Thursday.
Muscle fibers from Fincke’s leg, ultrasound pictures of his organs,
blood samples and physical strength tests will be compared before
and after the voyage.
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
10 / 16
Zero Gravity
What else might be affected by long term zero-gravity?
...all astronauts claim that space flight is a truly humbling experience
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
11 / 16
Zero Gravity
What else might be affected by long term zero-gravity?
...all astronauts claim that space flight is a truly humbling experience
...humans are social animals
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
11 / 16
Zero Gravity
What else might be affected by long term zero-gravity?
...all astronauts claim that space flight is a truly humbling experience
...humans are social animals
...your crew of 6 could be the only humans for millions of miles
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
11 / 16
Zero Gravity
What else might be affected by long term zero-gravity?
...all astronauts claim that space flight is a truly humbling experience
...humans are social animals
...your crew of 6 could be the only humans for millions of miles
...something nobody want’s to loose
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
11 / 16
The Big Dark
Will the Sun Ever Go Out?
Larger stars burn out faster! Luckily, our Sun is a smaller star
1
Star → Red Giant → Planetary Nebula →White Dwarf → Black Dwarf
10 billion years
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
12 / 16
The Big Dark
Will the Sun Ever Go Out?
Larger stars burn out faster! Luckily, our Sun is a smaller star
1
Star → Red Giant → Planetary Nebula →White Dwarf → Black Dwarf
10 billion years
2
Star → Red SuperGiant → Supernova → Neutron Star
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
12 / 16
The Big Dark
Will the Sun Ever Go Out?
Larger stars burn out faster! Luckily, our Sun is a smaller star
1
Star → Red Giant → Planetary Nebula →White Dwarf → Black Dwarf
10 billion years
2
Star → Red SuperGiant → Supernova → Neutron Star
3
Star → Red SuperGiant → Supernova → Black Hole
2-3 million years
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
12 / 16
The Big Dark
Will the Sun Ever Go Out?
Larger stars burn out faster! Luckily, our Sun is a smaller star
1
Star → Red Giant → Planetary Nebula →White Dwarf → Black Dwarf
10 billion years
2
Star → Red SuperGiant → Supernova → Neutron Star
3
Star → Red SuperGiant → Supernova → Black Hole
2-3 million years
How many more generations will our sun still be around?
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
12 / 16
Sponges
Cool
Barrel Sponge, Dye Trace of Circulation
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
13 / 16
Sponges
How is a water sponge built for living in the water?
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
14 / 16
Sponges
How is a water sponge built for living in the water?
Sponges of the family Cladorhizidae are especially unusual in that they
typically feed by capturing and digesting whole animals. They capture small
crustaceans with their spicules which act like Velcro when they come in contact
with the crustacean exoskeletons. Sponge cells then migrate around the
helpless prey and digestion takes place extracellularly.
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
14 / 16
Sponges
If you take a water sponge out of the water, will it die right
away?
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
15 / 16
Sponges
If you take a water sponge out of the water, will it die right
away?
What do YOU think?
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
15 / 16
The Tin Man
How do animals without a heart live?
All animals must be able to circulate nutrients, fluids, and gases in order to
properly function under specified conditions.
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
16 / 16
The Tin Man
How do animals without a heart live?
All animals must be able to circulate nutrients, fluids, and gases in order to
properly function under specified conditions.
Simple, sac-like animal, such as jellyfish and flatworms, have a gastrovascular
cavity that serves as an area for digestion and helps bring the nutrients from
digested foods into close proximity to many cells in the animal’s simple body.
Keith Hellman
Ask Mr. Hellman – Part 4
March 3, 2005
16 / 16