Prof. Alex Torpiano
Universityy of Malta
6th May 2011
Current B.E.&A. Part 1 – everything is mandatory
Year 1 Semester 1 & 2
Code
BEN 1001
Subject
Design Workshop 1*
1
ECTS
Hrs.
12
150
Year 1 Semester 1
Year 1 Semester 2
Code
Subject
ECTS
Hrs.
Code
AUD 1004
AUD 1001
MAT 1801
BCE 1001
Human-Environment Studies
Mathematics for Engineers 1
Construction Systems and Materials
1: Building Materials
Architectural Science 1
Introduction to Structure Systems
History of Architecture & Urbanism
4
4
4
28
28
28
MAT 1802
BCE 1004
4
4
4
28
28
28
BCE 1005
BCE 1006
BCE 2004
BCE 1002
BCE 1003
AUD 1002
Y
Year
2S
Semester 1
Code
BEN 2001
AUD 2001
AUD 1003
SCI 2101
BCE 2001
BCE 2003
BCE 2008
Subject
Design Workshop 3
History of Architecture & Urbanism
Urban Studies 1
Mathematics & Statistics for Civil
Engineers I
Construction Systems & Materials 3
Concrete Technology
Structures 1
Soil Mechanics & Geotechnics 1
BCE 3002
BCE 3003
BCE 3004
Subject
Design Workshop 5
Urban Studies 2
History of Architecture & Urbanism
Construction Systems & Materials 4
Building Construction
Environmental Control Systems
Structures 3
Civil Engineering 1
Hydrology and Marine Engineering
ECTS
4
Hrs.
28
4
4
28
28
4
4
4
28
28
28
ECTS
6
4
4
4
Hrs.
42hrs (150)
28
28
28
4
4
4
28
28
28
ECTS
6
4
4
4
Hrs.
42hrs (150)
28
28
28
4
4
4
28
28
28
Y
Year
2S
Semester 2
ECTS
6
4
4
4
Hrs.
42hrs (150)
28
28
28
Code
BEN 2002
BLH 2002
AUD 2003
SCI 2102
4
28
4
4
28
28
BCE 2005
BCE 2006
BCE 2009
ECTS
6
4
4
4
Hrs.
42hrs (150)
28
28
28
4
4
4
42
28
28
Year 3 Semester 1
Code
BEN 3001
AUD 3001
AUD 3002
BCE 3001
Subject
History of Architecture & Urbanism
2
Mathematics for Engineers 2
Construction Systems and Materials
2 Concrete Technology
Structural Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics
Surveying
Subject
Design Workshop 4
Introduction to Conservation Studies
History of Architecture & Urbanism
Mathematics & Statistics for Civil
Engineers II
Soil Mechanics and Geotechnics 2
Structures 2
Building Physics
Year 3 Semester 2
Code
BEN 3002
AUD 3003
AUD 3004
BCE 3005
BCE 3006
BCE 3007
BCE 3008
Subject
Design Workshop 6
History of Architecture & Urbanism
Project Management
Construction Systems & Materials 5
Building Construction
Structures 4
Road Engineering
Civil Engineering 2 Hydraulics and
Public Health Engineering
Current B.E.&A. Part 2 - Engineering Stream
Year 4 Semester 1
Year 4 Semester 2
Code
BCE 4004
BCE 4027
Subject
Philosophy of Structural Design
Architecture and Society 1
ECTS
4
4
Hrs.
28
28
Code
BEN 4001
BEN 4002
Subject
Research Methodology
Building & Land Economics
ECTS
4
4
Hrs.
28
28
Code
BCE 4095
Subject
Design Workshop 1
ECTS
10
Code
BCE 4097
Subject
Design Workshop 2
ECTS
10
BCE 4007
BCE 4008
Structural Concrete 1
Structural Steelwork 1
and one of the following:
Engineering Analysis 1
Building Technology
Road Engineering 1
Conservation Studies 1
4
4
Hrs.
(42hrs)
150 hrs
28
28
BCE 4002
4
4
4
4
4
28
28
28
28
Structural Masonry
and any two of the following
Soil Mechanics and Geotechnics
Structural Steelwork 2
Advanced Construction Technology
Water Engineering
Hrs.
(42hrs) 150
hrs
28
4
4
4
4
28
28
28
28
ECTS
28
Hrs.
(196 hrs)
750hrs
(96 hrs)
400hrs
BCE 4012
BCE 4010
BCE 4009
BLH 4011
Year 5 Semester 1
Year 5 Whole Year
Code
BEN 4010
Subject
Architecture and Society 2
ECTS
4
Hrs.
28
Code
BCE 4021
Subject
ECTS
Structural Concrete 2
4
and any two of the following
Rock Engineering
4
Seismic Engineering
4
Numerical Analysis in Engineering
4
Hrs.
28
BCE 4022
BCE 4023
BCE 4014
BCE 4013
BCE 4015
BCE 4016
BCE 4011
28
28
28
Code
BCE 4028
Subject
Design Project Workshop
BEN 4003
Dissertation
16
WHY CHANGE?
• Conformity With Bologna Process
5-Year Bachelors
to become
2-Tier: 3-Year Bachelors
+ 2-Year Masters
(actually 1+3+2)
• Architect-Engineer Dilemma
• SWOT Analysis
• Models? Precedent? Can it be done?
Precedent - Is it possible?
In 1981, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe prepared recommendations
on the specialized training of architects, town planners, civil engineers and landscape
designers. It was proposed that the following educational objectives should be defined:
• stimulating thought and hence inculcating a new philosophy of the environment, with
particular reference to the architectural and natural heritages including social aspects;
• creating understanding of and respect for the various scientific disciplines relating to the
environment and to its importance as framework for living conditions;
• preparing for co-operation, notably by means of joint exercises throughout the training
period.
The Committee proposed that a common core should be established for university
studies in the four disciplines directly concerned by integrated conservation, without
prejudice to the specific character of studies in each discipline, so as:
• to make clear that any action involving one of those disciplines is but partial and belongs to
a general pattern;
• to foster the adoption of a common language for the various participants, in order to create
an atmosphere of inter-disciplinarity and clarity, which is often lacking at present.
It was suggested that this could be achieved by arranging the basic educational subjects into
three families, i.e.:
• modes of perception of space;
• the history of the heritage and of civilisations;
• the relationship between man and his environment .
Title of European Engineer - FEANI
a. An understanding of the engineering
responsibility to colleagues, to employers or
the environment.
profession,
clients, to
and
the
of the registrant's
community and to
b. A thorough knowledge of the principles of engineering, based on physics and
mathematics, appropriate to his discipIine.
c. A general knowledge of good engineering practice, in his field of engineering and the
properties, behaviour, fabrication and use of materials and components.
d. Familiarityy with the tools of the new technologies
g
and abilityy to handle technical
information and statistics.
e. The ability to develop and use theoretical models from which the behaviour of the physical
world can be predicted.
p
f.
A capacity to exercise independent technical judgement through scientific analysis and
logical thought.
g. An ability to work on multi-disciplinary projects.
Title of European Engineer - FEANI
h.
Knowledge of industrial relations and the principles of management, taking into account
technical, financial and human considerations.
i.
Skill in communication, oral and written, including the ability to write clear, cogent reports.
j.
An ability to apply the principles of good design in the interest of ease of manufacture and
maintenance,
i
and
d quality,
li at economical
i l cost.
k. An active appreciation of the progress of technical change and of the continuing need not to
rely solely on established practice but to cultivate an attitude of innovation and creativity in
th exercise
the
i off the
th profession
f
i off engineering.
i
i
I.
An ability to assess conflicting and multifarious factors (e.g. cost, quality and time-scale)
both in the short and long terms and to find the best engineering solution.
m. An ability to provide for environmental considerations.
n. The capacity to mobilize human resources.
o. The aim to be fluent one European language other than the mother tongue.
FEANI - Criteria for admission to index - Eur.Ing
g
Basic sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geology, ...) must represent a
minimum of 20% of the overall ECTS. Higher Mathematics (linear algebra, analytical
geometry, differential and integral calculus, numerical analysis, operational research,
discrete mathematics, statistics, ...) must represent a minimum of 24 ECTS.
Engineering subjects must correspond to a minimum of 60% or 50% of the overall ECTS, if its
duration is 3U or longer, respectively.
Non-technical subjects (communication skills, economics, management, team working, law,
safety,
f t environment,
i
t languages,
l
… ) mustt correspond
d to
t a minimum
i i
off 10% off the
th overall
ll
ECTS.
One subject may be integrated in more than one of the above classifications, contributing
with its ECTS to them.
3 YEARS
> 3 YEARS
Basic Sciences
(Mathematics)
≥20%
( >24 ECTS)
≥20%
( >24 ECTS)
Engineering subjects
≥60%
≥50%
Non‐technical Non
technical subjects
≥10%
≥10%
Title of Architect – European Level - Qualifications Directive (Article 46):
1.
2.
2
an ability to create architectural designs that satisfy both aesthetic and technical requirements,
an adequate
and
and
d
t knowledge
k
l d off the
th history
hi t
d theories
th i off architecture
hit t
d the
th related
l t d arts,
t technologies
t h l i and
d
human sciences,
3. a knowledge of the fine arts as an influence on the quality of architectural design,
4. an adequate knowledge of urban design, planning and the skills involved in the planning process,
5. an understanding
g of the relationship
p between p
people
p and buildings,
g , and between buildings
g and their
environment, and of the need to relate buildings and the spaces between them to human needs and scale,
6. an understanding of the profession of architecture and the role of the architect in society, in particular in
preparing briefs that take account of social factors,
7. an understanding of the methods of investigation and preparation of the brief for a design project,
8 an understanding of the structural design,
8.
design constructional and engineering problems associated with
building design,
9. an adequate knowledge of physical problems and technologies and of the function of buildings so as to
provide them with internal conditions of comfort and protection against the climate,
10. the necessary design skills to meet building users' requirements within the constraints imposed by cost
factors and building regulations,
11. an adequate knowledge of the industries, organizations, regulations and procedures involved in
translating design concepts into buildings and integrating plans into overall planning.
So there can be “commonality of interest, knowledge and method”
(E.Happold, Design and the Profession, 1983)
Faculty for the Built Environment
BOLOGNA PROCESS
1
+ 3 +2
P
Academic Development Plan - Outline
B.Sc. Built Environment Studies
- Summary of Programme of Study
OBJECTIVES OF THREE-YEAR COURSE:
1.
to allow candidates to CHOOSE, and be SUITABLY QUALIFIED for taking, one of three main
professional masters:
Architecture and Urban Design
Structural and Civil Engineering
Spatial Planning and Infrastructure,
(later also other specialization masters, e.g. Conservation, Construction Management, Environmental
Design).
2.
to allow the candidates AS MUCH TIME AS POSSIBLE to make this selection, i.e. as few
mandatory subjects as possible, but to offer targeted electives, which have, at least in the first three
semesters,
t
a large
l
componentt off commonality
lit – so that
th t students
t d t become
b
aware off the
th width
idth off
possibilities, and also of their own aptitudes, before they make a choice.
Selection of study-units will be guided. Each professional masters degree route will include the minimum
range
g of disciplines
p
to be taken before admission. The study-units
y
offered will therefore be g
grouped
p
in
themes, and students will be required to obtain established amounts of credits, from each theme, as required
by the respective Masters programme. Students should find choice, even within the same theme, so that (a)
there is no single mould for all these aspiring professionals; (b) the possibilities of study are widened beyond
the current limitations of a completely mandatory programme, (c) within as efficient use of resources as
possible.
possible
Study-units, grouped under generic headings, including, taught via formal lectures/seminars plus Design
Workshops.
SOME STUDY-UNIT GROUPS
Environmental Design Topics
F d
t l f E i
t l D i
Fundamentals of Environmental Design
Environmental Design of Interior Spaces
Environmental Control Systems
Energy Efficient Design
Principles of Lighting in Architecture
Passive Design Techniques for Sustainable Architecture
Construction Technology Topics
Elements in Buildings
Joinery and Timber
Materials Topics
Construction Materials
Degradation of Construction Materials
Introduction to Material Science
Construction Materials Technology and the Environment
Structural Engineering Design Topics
Impact of Structure on Architectural Form
Introduction to Structural Systems
Structural Mechanics
Theory of Structures
Structural Concrete
Structural Masonry
Structural Steelwork
Mathematics and Computing Topics
Statistics
Mathematics
Computer Languages
Mathlab
Sustainable Development Topics
An Introduction to Sustainable Development
Climate Change – Phenomena and impacts
Impact Assessment
Sustainability of Construction and Structural Systems
Management of Wastes
Geotechnical Engineering Topics
G
h i l E i
i T i
Engineering geology of the Maltese Islands
Basics of geotechnical engineering
Behavior of ground materials
Ground investigation techniques
Water and Mineral Resources Topics
Hydrology
Civil Engineering Hydraulics
Road Transport Topics
Hydrology
Civil Engineering Hydraulics
Management Topics
Contract Administration and Production Management
Introduction to Project Management
Introduction to Construction Management
Quantity Surveying
Land and Building Surveying
Construction and Planning Legislation
Project Planning
Property Management (Valuations, Property Law, Building Surveys)
Value and Risk Management
RATIONALE OF RE-STRUCTURING – NATIONAL STRATEGIC PRIORITIES
Importance of the Environment is recognized in all National Strategic Documents as a
major strategic priority, (vide the National Strategic Reference Document 20072013, October 2006, the Pre-Budget Document 2006-2010, A Sustainable
Development Strategy for the Maltese Island, 2007-2016, The National Strategic
Plan for Research & Innovation, 2007
2010, Draft Further and Higher Education
2007-2010,
Strategy Document, by 2020). The link between environmental “attractiveness” and
economic progress is repeatedly acknowledged.
Out of 10 topics reviewed in the Analysis of Malta
Malta’s
s Socio
Socio-Economy,
Economy, at least 8 are
directly or indirectly related to the Built Environment. In the same document, the
SWOT analysis shows that out of 26 topics identified as weaknesses, 11 are related
to the Built Environment, whilst one of the important threats is environmental
degradation.
The National Strategic Reference Document 2007-2013, October 2006, identifies
an urgent need to address existing deficiencies in Malta’s physical infrastructure –
environment,, energy,
gy, transport.
p
Strategic
g Objective
j
2 addresses the need to improve
p
Malta’s attractiveness and quality of life, via improvements in transport infrastructure,
in the environment, energy and urban regeneration (four relevant themes out of a
total of six).
One of the three central aims of A Sustainable Development Strategy
gy for the
Maltese Island, 2007-2016 is the protection of the environment and the prudent use
of natural resources. Through The Malta National Reform Programme (2005), the
Maltese government identified the need for Malta to offer quality education as well as
to respond to new occupational needs, key competences and future skill
requirements. One major area targeted for reform is that of climate change, where
government is targeting a decrease in greenhouse gases through energy saving
techniques, especially within the building construction industry.
The National Strategic Plan for Research & Innovation, 2007-2010, highlights the
need for research in water, energy and environment. Environment and Energy
Resources, including energy efficiency, water and waste rehabilitation technologies,
are identified as one of the platforms of strategic importance.
Energy is given the top ranking as an area of national interest and economic
performance. Runner-up rankings are given to four other areas of relevance to the
Faculty for the Built Environment, (out of six), including Water, Transport,
Environment and Masonry. In the environmental technologies identified for strategic
Government intervention, one finds solar heating, solar cooling, wind energy, energyefficient buildings, conservation of rainwater, water consumption technologies, waste
rehabilitation technologies.
WHAT WE ALREADY HAVE:
Architecture and Urban Design
architectural and urban design, including history of architecture, theory of
architecture, interior architecture and landscape architecture.
Built Heritage
conservation of the local built heritage, deterioration and repair interventions of
heritage masonry structures, preservation of archaeological sites and historic
landscapes, environmental issues in degradation mechanisms.
Civil and Structural Engineering
focusing on building structures, structural materials, geo
geo-technical
technical engineering, and
marine and other civil engineering structures.
WHERE WE WANT TO GROW:
Spatial Planning and Infrastructure
focusing on sustainable planning and development, and on infrastructural issues of
relevance to Malta, including urban and spatial planning, landscape planning,
transport planning, water and mineral resources, solid and liquid waste management,
geographic information systems applied to spatial planning, related public policies and
EU legislation,
legislation and environmental impact assessments.
assessments
Construction and Management
sustainable construction processes and their management,
management including construction
processes for buildings and engineering works, project and construction management,
contracts and legislation, health and safety, cost control, real estate and geodetics.
E i
Environmental
t l Design
D i
environmental performance of buildings, including topics of environmental
performance, building engineering physics, energy efficiency, climate and building
comfort, natural and artificial lighting and acoustic performance, and related building
regulations,
l ti
and
d building
b ildi services
i
systems.
t
D i
O i t d Engineering
E i
i Curriculum
C i l
Design-Oriented
–
as for other “Built Environment” professionals.
g to
In all of them,, there is the desire to decide “what y
you are g
going
make before you make it”,
and that this requires the engineer (professional) to have a “knowledge
of science and scientific method…, knowledge of construction materials
and methods … and imagination.
imagination (E.Happold,
(E Happold Design and the
Profession, 1983).
Happold takes this concept further, by sub-dividing design, into normal
design and radical design – radical design requiring the same
knowledge as normal design, (or technician technology), but with, in
addition, originality and invention, (E.Happold, The nature of
structural engineering,
engineering 1992)
1992).
“Engineering is the creative end of science. To take it up, one has to do
maths and physics, but the art side is usually ignored or played down”
(W.I.Liddell, 2000)
SOME EXAMPLES OF WORK IN CURRENT YEAR 4 AND YEAR 5
And a World which sees art
and engineering
g
g as divided is
not seeing the World as a
whole
E.Happold. A Personal Perception of Engineering in Great Engineers, D.Walker, 1987