Li ULM
AGRICUL UAL
OLEGr
S
OREGON $TE GRIcULTiL cOLLEGi
'1. A. Schoenfe1d. tiirector
Corvallis
April, 1932.
Circular of Infoxatiou No. 63.
RAISING ThKEYS IN SJI CONFINEi1ENT
by
Dean, Superintendent of Umatilla Statior, Hermiston, Oregon and
L Cosby, Extension Poultryrnan Or',on State College.
ual
Oreou pr tice a aurp1s of turkeys and its crowers mst produce high
turl'eys In order to "eet tre coroot
Crowers who practice a safe prore.r of so
reduce disease factors to a 'nr ir'urrl make 'ior
equireents of eport ar ets.
ye
1
naton n the e°Let to
oft n
avorablo years and are
:better able to star in bsinese while the oriee cycle is at a low point.
Turkey growers who follow a method of foeding which best meets the nutritoua1 needs of the ranid groh of turke s rode brs f her qt'lir
with whici to ieet ocsiipettion Turie on fr'e rae need supl3mental fteds.
to çcA sntd tur'rev s not prf tacle, r'ces rearE1 -n couf r'e"wnt iao
o
t3'e
'1
revor
he
'ref
i
rovidod
bT
the
owner.
Tre
peno Lr)n fcoc.s
,re hicer wio violates the rules o oi1 sa t on rn' nutrt4 o' Crowv
a1ity turkeys for an export business is a real business ,ro'len,
Experiments on the Umatilla Experiment Station nere continued in l3l for
the uroso of obtaining practical nformaio o' the ('o1long phscs of iurce'r
management:
DIsease prvention by use of si.1l area of clean ground.
Ue of outside wire orh dring ent ro broor oerod. ' the r '.
Rela'vo val"e of arled, onoppee, ste"c 'u1 n" roers
The use of a relatively high anjiriol protein unch for growing 1;ureys.
re sa pod by o
Two ht.ndrod fifty da. old poults rere i'rchaed an
20')
'ilea frc't the hatchery to the Speriinent S-
r. They uerc art fonllv
r a voll*vonti1&ted 12' x lP Hou'e rnd &I euteue coos torta 1nre
tiov
th ron
or wuich clsc ws 121 x 12'. Thc wore not alloie
o
ore
cnn
'ci
o"
t
Tho
e
'.
wore taken on te rn'-ge at the a-e c'f a
teel
posts.
wti
rds
onolosed
with
a
six
foot
poultr'r
fenoe
range n small
oroodou
c
2.
______t__ --.-------
Feed Formula Used During Broodt
Ter*o1
&:art.'
t hrn
24O JDOU'1r1 $
600 pour.(1s rouni
300 ctn
:,ro
1O") Tn'S CL&
:s
1'0
'tis Dr:d corn
r.
:-ello7 corn
1d vt
)
o'nd i .le oats
1)O Do'nds
.-
j
at sr;r;s
2)0 po'ncs
2
Scratch Grain
taJ
ti potns odorec
1k
our
ala1: a 1exes ;ron.
4)
ji
0 )o'1
o 'oie rne
os-er 8tll flour
2 perc ,ri.t
2c 'ids
w' salt
2')ö pourds, (Vitath D vas supy:Uec'
hours
Frst fcd to
eriif- ;k
er'3 iivr o'.)
Seh'1ule Durr Grn leri.oi
1'e
To 4
ri
of
LOnO
:Ncoe
'r1
ti'aii
feed to last feed uto feeds dail.
4 trt.
on 5th dar
)
kctdl
.)bjcøts fir$tk
cavs
one
ar'
er
&ed to
a
nC:o s
it oru'Dbly no.st.
Tt.1 poults MCI
?:ch
source c'f hcat
Graa
Tah polts ate e 1 asolinsn as
how to cat.
ea.
to learn to
Seocnd woek
toars baying
Leave drr
iaoh
fore
iVOC).
tre
'o!fore then at
as all eat
arou
Graduaflr work
to fattening
gra.t ;çfl otpers
11. times,
;onits as soon Janeos
anc kuow
aU
a ei' :oun-. widhroa's
es of orc3,
soiroe of neat tans Set vri
water saels Sn. l hard ..r t
cst.'r
I,
or .iraes
c orulatod c'
o I
cd :ecl
3sc
(rvc e- rrt' 1/2'
ard. roost'
c-
vxie oboth.. rooc S - 15
aftLr fist
fov dars.
Mor ts.i I tcr
polts orored for oce t:evo overcr t tco 1oo wck
ad The
soo 250oonvonieoe
vrith onl one rood1n eq jvnnt. Tv.olv were lost
oarl fr- w:a1nesa; $onr ri'om 'sri.i lo', IC .'ror necrotic
11 fran aocdo:ats,
rYi
and
3.
Eecivd ..:ori1 25, 1931 ...
Rei ed May 5, 1931.,. . .
.
104
* ....
.
ior]. 'uniôcr re1e
Total norta1ity.......
oults
152
ou1t
25
43
c1ts
Total er eit rLarod and .ar:etec1 3.G
Lescriti-on of he pour Ran::e Lots Used
)tal'en to
Lot
darket-' Lost
Jures
Exnlanat ion
Used
ed
25
23
2
.055
Froa
e:s to mart, Lot I
;
rcei'crod
no dried rcens n the aash or no
lent edo any incJ. Thoy are tent
t a IId OXC 2O x LQ and -a'rod only
once to another yar' of sane area.
55
10
.3
Frea 6 weeks to oarket, Lot 2 rc.eiwe'd
no succulent grons of any I:in, ut
oovds of :rond ella?: ir acr wore
2O(
adde( to a.'k ton of the basal
-rere cf'ed b.
60'
a dry sand ;yoad
60' and. aoved rO1V once to anothor
yard of sane area.
60
3
Fran weeks oi age to October, Lot 3
reocived rio drIed rens in the nash
6?
'out ro eivod all the
oi.ned.
ren alfalfa
they wantod twice eaoh day. Ir tli5a
olite suolt L;r;en xd is not available throh the fatte; eriLods
This
lot hino :roen feed then. .hey
cool 'e to a cry yad iO x 2-C' and nore
moved oo1. -moe t snothor var od sane
area.
ota1
70
68
229
213
.
16 1.6
Froo. 8
for Relatively
tao
ks of a e to ( tbor, Lot 4
joked it& uwn gr;6n I'ed froe. grod.ng
'1±a1.'a, and roctived none Iron any
fined c;a
other sour e, They n-ro
1/10 of an are and 'rere noved. four tints
to :acw alfalfa.
01
A nrevious year's work at this station was :;orductod using a nash 000ta.hiri
i. T4 rts. l a s ca
aere 'r tein levcl .r ouI, ' ( in rorn g or ci o at
ra a3 rc I
-oal1
t tt olt turle c-ui ' a). ye
.IM
rorrth a hi;hr poreentaçe .f anion? orcte.ns.
4.
Th work this tar Wts b5.sd uo e. hiher anial -rotein :oult starting
results
flash and a hihor vrcteiu evelopin ash than tas tsd r'roviously. t Tw
coo15ø
o
cisositIon
hero
Thcro is
irery
ered thue far
a'C4
level. Tho cst
that thc ratorie tscc er at the oorrootrofuced
retoin'
in3ioate
that
th
:tih
of the tur.'ey
of turkey and kh
d
the
lower
d mue nearly et the requirements than
foeA ws in fair balano
protein feeds used iu 1931.
ll four lots as a basal
ration as well c.s the scratch formula wets as follois:
Th
developiii mash formulo. which was fed to
Mash (js)
olo
Scratch
1000 pc nids oracked whctt
600 pounis cracTc corn
240 pounds bran
400 pounCe grovnd yellow C0Xn
300 pounds rcund whole oats
400 pouns out whole oats
2000 pounds
300 pcundt ground wheat
130 ,on's ro'nd barlor
200 pound fish meal
200 rounds meat scraps
100 povnd powored irilk
30 pouns bcne T-eal
30 towids oyster shell flour
2
20 po'2.ns salt
tow4s
n a * -- *
mo,nt of Mash and Grain Ccnst'med
I
r -r -34&:t
_._e_ .
S
4
1.44
'---5-.-.
-5-.-same
__
1750
1
Av. Gran Cost
jerjlbs..
!.ve lsh cast
lash
;
Same
o
,
o0
Same
5)00
4- 3250
a
S
-S-
ll00_lbs. 12933- 1bs-1
r
sr
**
-
Mash and Grain Costs per Live Po.nd
Variatlo
per Feed C5st
tb GathT
Lbs.1ash
lb.
per
Live
lb.
Costs
per
Lot per Lire Lb. per Live lb. Live
Bird
6.5
2.45
244
5.45
50
lo.
s1
.3
;
rscd
_,a. -.-_-_--- l--rr
13,7
13.1
l7.3e
isL_y
weights in Lot 3 rere tnflunecd by
ran almest two to one hone.
* Average dress
--
.ve.
5.
---*--.
sex diiiofl which
Average Dresea Teights
by Lot and Sex
.---.---.------.--.Lot
reeus.
m1?1i
No
*
_____
Hers
Lbs.
20.4
22.9
23.1
13 0
-
We i ht s b Sex at Marketi
Ave. Tft.
Lbs.
20.7
No. Toms
Decewbr 3, 1931
Toms
Lb .
27
jrnarj3, 1932
liens
Dates
Ave. "it.
Lbs.
12.35
J Sold
13.52
24.62
109
22,6c3
104
r5
1?.94
The entire flook w&s sold on basis of goverrnert grades and of the 213
trkeys marketed:
205 turkeys or 96.2% graded pr5.e
7 turkeys or 3.3% graded choice
I turkey or 0.5 graded coiriercia1 (hunhbck)
-
Overhoad Casts
Ctock
250 poults . 50g
Equtmezt ehare...,
rooder, fuel.... ..., 'S
...
125.00
24.43 (io% of tc,t1
10.12
vestrent)
3.73 eent3 per live lb.
).... 4.1 oent " ctressd lb.
FirLancial Sirr,
Total 43447* - Ave. p.17*
l0? hens . Total 274.l4* - Av,252
213 Birds Total 7O8.l* - Ave. .33*
104 Toms
*jure ere compiled ror to roeeiing eornlete
ieturus from the January pool. hever, ue to the
slomp in turkey rirket not much additional return
is expected.
Total mash and brain Leed zst 405.i)
l59.60
Total overhead costs
Total
7O8.61
$55.59 $i43.O2 labor rturn on 213 turkey's or d7.1
cenitG labor return er bird.
General
Data
-. Reforence
-$--- s_
4272 tbounds of live tu*eys rcsssd out 34 poun.s.
The rate tf shr:L'ke was
The averaefeed cost rer live pound of all lots was 9,5%
The total cost ret 1iie pound ocoept labor was 13.23%
The average feed east per dressed pound was 1O.Gçi
The total oot per dressed pound e ceçt 1oor is 14.7%
It required, in confinement, 5.72 ouncs of oah and grain to vvocuce one
pound of live turkey at tire of nrketin.
It required 6.35 poimds of insh an5 grain to prouce each dress?d pound
of turkey sold.
8umzt.ry
and
Reeonmendo.tions
T
There was a n&rked difference in the feed costs per pound of turl:ey between
the lot receiving o roen feed and each lot receiving greens by various
rnetio's. It cost, for ezeir1e, 27% more to produce a ouni of turkey in
Lot 1 W1h no green feed than i Lbt 4 where the tm-keys pastured their
green feed, arid 18 snore with dried greens ni Lot 2 than in Lot 4 rhich hd
pasture.
The absence or presence of ,roens in the etion sho'c
weiht and coct with the tois than with the hens.
'
more marked tnfluenoe
the birds were not 3i1led until their feathers were natured. Nbno was
killed for the November trade. Thirty-five er con± wore 'd11ed in Oeces.ber
at a roximate1y eight months of ege. Sixty-five per cent were dressed for
thy January market at aproximate1y nine months of age.
There were no ecd brosts or malfornod hock joints in the turkeys of
any on of the fotr iota.
iore
A feather pulling babit ws acquired in the broodr house and. cent
or less throughout the life of the turkeys, except in Lot 1 whoro t: si:es
of the beak were t-5.ed with a knife so that the bircs could not h:lc a
Thathr. The ends of the beaks were not trinited os no interference vrlth
eating w.a deeired.
6. Two hundred fifty poults in a 12 x 12 brooder houso suplented witP a
12 x 12 wtre porch oroducea an overcrowded ondtion before tho poults tre
old enovh to go on rangot This couclition is believed to be partly responsible for the acquired feather-pu11in habit.
7
The averw:e weight per turkey was greater on the higher protein ration th.n
in i3O with the lower protein level. The rao quality s higher and the
b&rs iatured more uniformly. However earlier rrkot maturity was not
infuonced to any marked degree by the rations used,
:7.
flash feeding of turkeys is en 1d fecolug vractioe fol1ow-;d by many
ee, cl.
rearei
ererit
Iowver, t1e turkeys ir tlus
&rowers
ai'-.
noults to s1au&'er on dry 'aen an
Thexe w.s 10 1os
fror ov ay
'-
icctior '-f an syrrtrs
There was no loss from or any videnoe oi
No money wa
1)
rients.
f 1toca.
ntestina1 WOIiIS or parasites.
extended for rreverities, :anaceas, tonics or medicinal treat-
fattened out on gx'ain and no fattening nash was
The xa' o1 o.o WS
as1 i cron'c
fattentng
The
use
of
used.
sod for study and. to u&e se of ecwt4 ant ot a r ga r's
Fatteuir.g mash formulas as well as breing nash formulas that have proven
ecorowical r r 1)0 hw upor rcqnst.
Feh of the four lots
14,
n +he oasis f tncomplete a1s retirr, oad a'"etii, 5,Z 01 the .rop cn
the hazaronc Janury, 1962 'a*et, the tu-cj crrise ireo . snail
tcc.lf 'ar±nt rrcs w1l o
rof.t. Urtil the civthaed orl1 iu
ro rust fo the isue .
Tr1r
uncertain - but cortai'1y iot r'
ieessiy to th cupr attention iow, trn' as )eet1
pej
nttt
tior fh.se rrQjes 4ic wiJi efiorcj t
'wertni...ri.t th
rolatively high protein rash, where grain
the growing rcriod of turheys
'ccl is reoemmended during
protettion at lOwest economic outlay.
The rashes shoh b rather coarsel\r rotrc. The eve1op1 racn
sholo be coarsely r end, ue in ert to thL ro 2nd eats contri1
ground mash is pasty &n has a tendency to provoke beak
I inol
pg. Pastiness
is incroasod by the use of fine1, grund new oats after throshir tte, so
olcter oats sho34 o* used.
7. An artTh,cia1 wire porch rroper1 proeec on wiwurd sides is ces rablo
from the view point of ssUtation and disease treention,
Turkeys should be raised on lan soil whether it be unlimited farm range
or limited yard areas. Turkeys should not be raised with chickens; on cell
previously contaminated or on .roas fortilizd with poultry manure.
The L
erirent &tation will brood SOC poults n 192 .ni screh I ca
.
rxtctie' on xrb protein fecas, vale of green feeds "o
Those WO poilts will 1x from nret stocr rais d on th hiJ Crote.n sirr.
rase this year breedvL', stok will b solctel Lo carr ci
From ir
car.,fu1 ror]' rc.1atin to the effects f th' atoi on rour auctu'n .s dl c
'reduction ire1ems.