Chapter 4
Civil War and Reconstruction
Lesson 1
The States at War
Vocabulary Preview
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Emancipation
Civilian
Telegraph
Sharecropping
Border States
Casualties
Draft
Let’s Define…
Emancipation:
Freeing of enslaved people
Let’s Define…
Civilian
A person who is not in the military
Let’s Define…
Telegraph
A machine that sends electric
signals over wires.
Let’s Define…
Sharecropping
A system that allowed poor
farmers to use a landowner’s fields.
In return, the poor farmer gave the
landowner a share of the crop.
Let’s Define…
Boarder States
Slave states that remained part of
the Union during the Civil War.
Let’s Define…
Casualties
People who are killed, wounded, captured, or
missing during a military action.
Let’s Define…
Draft
Forced enrollment in the armed forces.
Build on What You Know
Have you ever started a task that was harder
than it seemed at first? At the start of the
Civil War, both sides thought they could win
quickly. Soon, they knew that winning would
be far from easy.
North Against South
Main Idea:
The Union and the Confederacy had different
strengths.
Union Strengths:
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More people (22 million lived in the North,
compared to 9 million who lived in the
South).
More factories for making weapons and
supplies
More Railroad lines (Soldiers and supplies
could move quickly).
Confederate Strengths
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Most of the fighting took place in the South,
so Confederate soldiers were defending land
they knew.
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Excellent military leaders such as General
Robert E. Lee.
Plans for War
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Union Strategy to win the war:
The navy would block southern seaports so
the Confederacy could not trade with other
countries.
The navy would also take control of the
Mississippi River.
The Union army would attack in the East and
West at the same time.
The “Anaconda Plan”
The Union’s plan to block Confederate ports
and attack by land was called the
“Anaconda Plan,”
Named after a snake that squeezes its prey.
Plans for War
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Confederate strategy to win the war:
Fight off northern attacks until they could
survive as a separate nation.
Enlist help from Britain and France because
those countries needed southern cotton.
Win a lot of battles so the Union army would
get discouraged and give up.
Review…
What advantages did the Union army have
over the Confederate army?
C’mon, you know this!!!
Answer…
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More people (22 million lived in the North,
compared to 9 million who lived in the South.
More factories for making weapons and
supplies
More Railroad lines (Soldiers and supplies
could move quickly).
Review…
What advantages did the Confederate army
have over the Union army?
C’mon, you know this too!!
Answer…
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Most of the fighting took place in the South,
so Confederate soldiers were defending land
they knew.
Excellent military leaders such as General
Robert E. Lee.
Review…
Name the strategies the Union army planned
to use to win the war…
Answer…
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The navy would block southern seaports so the
Confederacy could not trade with other countries.
The navy would also take control of the Mississippi
River.
The Union army would attack in the East and West
at the same time.
“The Anaconda Plan”
Review…
Name the strategies the Confederate army
planned to use to win the war…
Answer…
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Fight off northern attacks until they could
survive as a separate nation.
Enlist help from Britain and France because
those countries needed southern cotton.
Win a lot of battles so the Union army would
get discouraged and give up.
What Both Sided Expected…
At the start of the war, both sides expected a
quick and easy victory. Thousands of men
from the North and South joined the Union
and Confederate armies.
So many men volunteered from Tennessee
that the state became known as the
“Volunteer State”
The First Battle of Bull Run
1861 (The war in the East)
In July 1861, a Union army marched south
from Washington. (Remember…most of the
battles were fought on southern land.) Its
goal was to capture the Confederate capital
of Richmond, VA., about 100 miles away.
The two armies fought at a stream called
Bull Run, near the town of Manassas.
First Battle of Bull Run
1861
Both sides fought all day. At the end of the
battle, called the First Battle of Bull Run,
the Union army retreated in a panic. The
battle was worse than expected! People
began to realize that the war would not end
soon.
The War’s Leaders
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Main Idea:
Military and political leaders played important
roles during the war.
Ulysses S. Grant: Union General
Robert E. Lee: Confederate General
Abraham Lincoln: President of the U.S.
Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederate
States of America
The Generals:
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Union General: Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate General: Robert E. Lee
One way to keep the Generals straight
is to remember the Confederate
soldiers called Ulysses S. Grant
“Useless S. Grant”
1862
General Robert E. Lee took command of the
Confederate army in Virginia. That year, the
Union tried twice more to attack Richmond.
Lee defeated his enemies BOTH times! After
these victories, Lee decided to invade the
North.
(After his 2 victories, Lee was
feeling pretty confident…but should he?)
1862
General Robert E. Lee led his soldiers into
Maryland. The Union army stopped him at
the Battle of Antietam (an TEE tam). It was
the DEADLIEST day of the war!
1862
Both armies suffered at least 23,000 casualties!
Lee’s losses were so high that he returned to
Virginia.
Battle of Antietam
September 17, 1862
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6 a.m.- 9a.m. Confederate soldiers fight off
three powerful Union attacks near Dunker
Church.
9 a.m. – 1 p.m. Union attacks on the Sunken
Road force Confederate soldiers to retreat
toward Sharpsburg. Both sides suffering
many casualties.
Battle of Antietam
September 17, 1862 Cont…
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1 p.m.- 3 p.m. After hours of fighting, Union
soldiers cross Antietam Creek and attack
Sharpsburg. The bridge is later renamed for
their commander, General Burnside.
3:30 p.m. Confederate soldiers take the
Union soldiers by surprise, forcing them to
retreat back across the river and saving
Lee’s army from defeat.
The Battle of Shiloh
(The war in the West)
General Ulysses S. Grant had more success.
Grant led a Union army from Illinois into
Tennessee. He captured several
Confederate forts along the way.
In the Battle of Shiloh. Grant defeated a large
Confederate army.
At the Same Time…
The Union navy sailed up the Mississippi River
and attacked New Orleans. By early 1863,
the only major Confederate town left on the
river was Vicksburg, Mississippi. From
Vicksburg’s cliffs, Confederate soldiers could
shoot at Union ships on the river.
(Grant NEEDED Vicksburg to
control the river!)
The Draft in the South
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Jefferson Davis, the president of the
Confederacy, faced many problems.
The Union blockade closed most
Confederate ports. The south had trouble
getting enough food, weapons, or money to
fight.
To find more soldiers, Davis had to start a
draft.
Review…
What is a draft?
The Draft in the North
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President Abraham Lincoln faced many
problems too.
As the number of casualties rose, he had to
work hard to win support for the war.
Like the Confederacy, the Union had to start
a draft.
How could people get out of the draft?
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Rich people could pay to get out of the draft.
This upset the people who could not afford the money
and those who were against the war.
In New York City, people opposed to the draft
started a riot that lasted for days. A riot is a
violent protest. The government had to send
in thousands of soldiers to stop the riots.
Let’s Review
Why did people in the North
oppose the draft?
Hmmm…
And the Answer is…
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Rich people could pay to avoid it while poor
people could not.
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They were opposed to the war.
Question…
What were some of the problems
Jefferson Davis faced?
I know you know this…
Answer…
Trouble getting:
 food
 weapons
 money to fight
 Not enough people wanted to join the army
Question…
What happened at the Battle of Antietam?
Answer…
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The Union army stopped General Lee from
invading the North.
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The armies suffered a combined 23,000
casualties.
Question…
Why was Vicksburg the only major Confederate
town left to capture on the Mississippi River?
Look closely at the photo…you’ll see the answer
Answer…
Vicksburg sat on cliffs above the Mississippi
River where Confederates could shoot at
Union ships.
Question…
What were the 4 border states at the start of
the Civil War?
Answer…
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kentucky
Maryland
Delaware
Missouri
Did You Know…
At first, the Confederacy won most of the
battles in the East, while the Union won most
of the battles in the West. However, victories
at Vicksburg and Gettysburg gave the Union
the advantage in the war.
Turning Points
Main Idea
Events in 1863 helped the Union become
stronger in the Civil War.
Did You Know…
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At the start of the war, President Lincoln’s
only goal was to keep the Union together.
He did not plan to free the slaves.
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Many people in the North wanted him to end
slavery
What did President Lincoln do?
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Lincoln signed the Emancipation
Proclamation, freeing the salves. This action
helped to weaken the Confederacy.
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He realized the freed slaves would work to
help the Union.
Emancipation Proclamation
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A document signed by Abraham Lincoln
declaring slaves in the Confederacy free.
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It DID NOT end slavery in the border states.
What did the Confederate states do?
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The Confederate states ignored the law!
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The Union knew they would have to defeat
the Confederate states to free the slaves.
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The Emancipation Proclamation made the
Civil War a war to end slavery in the South.
Vicksburg and Gettysburg
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In 1863, the Union won two IMPORTANT
battles.
Vicksburg and Gettysburg
Vicksburg Victory
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In the West, General Grant’s army
surrounded Vicksburg and fired cannons into
the town for 6 weeks. On July 4th Vicksburg
surrender.
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The Union finally controlled the Mississippi
River!
Gettysburg Victory
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General Lee marched north into
Pennsylvania. The Union army met Lee’s
soldiers on July 1, near the town of
Gettysburg.
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For two days the armies battled back and
forth. On the third day, Lee ordered a final
attack…
What happened next?
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Nearly 14,000 Confederate soldiers charged
across open fields toward the Union army.
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The Union soldiers were ready!!
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They stopped the attack with rifle and
cannon fire.
Turning Point
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The heavy fire killed or wounded about half
of the Confederate soldiers.
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Lee’s weakened army had to retreat.
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The Union victories at Vicksburg and
Gettysburg gave the Union a better chance
of winning.
The Gettysburg Address
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Later that year, President Lincoln gave a
short speech known as the “Gettysburg
Address.”
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In his speech, Lincoln declared that
American democracy would survive.
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The speech is now considered famous.
Question…
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Why was the victory at Vicksburg important
to the Union?
Answer…
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The Vicksburg victory gave the Union control
of the Mississippi River.
The End…
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This is the end of Chapter 2, lesson 1.
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See how much smarter you are?!