Chapter 11
America and the World
Section 1
Expansion in the Pacific
The Impulse for Imperialism
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In March of 1889 in the South Pacific, 7
warships- 1 British, 3 German, and 3 U.S.
faced off by present day Western Samoa
Before a shot could be fired, a typhoon
struck, destroying all but the British ship and
possibly preventing a war.
{Imperialism- the quest for colonial
empires-} had led these 3 nations to the
brink of war
Imperialism was driven by a need for
markets, raw materials, power & prestige for
this industrialists turned to Africa, Asia and
Latin America and tried to colonize them
Samoa
Continued….
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American enthusiasm for overseas expansion grew as
industrial production surged
One influential supporter was {Alfred Thayer Mahan
he took the position that the U.S. should establish
naval bases outside of the country} to protect
economic interests in foreign markets
Others supported the expansion because it would
spread Christianity throughout the world
10 years after the skirmish in 1889 the U.S. won
control over Eastern Samoa and Germany the took
control of the west
Because of its climate and fertile soil Hawaii gained
interest from imperial powers. British explorer
{Captain James Cook visited the island and renamed
them the Sandwich Islands}
Captain Cook
Acquiring Hawaii
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{The 8 major Hawaiian Islands were united in
about 1800 by King Kamehameha}
The Hawaiian Islands lie about 2,000 miles
west of California and were a good place to
build naval bases, coaling stations for travel to
& from Asia
{The ships brought missionaries, settlers,
traders and disease. The native Hawaiian
population was cut in half in the span of
40 years}
As Hawaiian economy boomed, sugar planters
grew rich
Due to the dwindling population the U.S. began
bringing in Japanese and Chinese to work the
fields
King Kamehameha
Different Varieties of Sugar Cane
from Hawaii
American Influence in Hawaii
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An 1875 treaty exempted Hawaiian sugar from tariffs in
for Hawaii’s promise not to grant territory or other
privileges in the islands to any other nations exchange
In 1886 the U.S. gov. demanded control of Pearl Harbor
in exchange for renewing the tax free status of
Hawaiian sugar but the Hawaiian king Kalakaua refused
A secret {Hawaiian League was formed to overthrow
Kalakaua at gunpoint the monarchy and get the U.S. to
annex the islands}
In 1887 the League forced him to sign a new
constitution that limited his power and to sign the
treaty
It came to be known as the Bayonet Constitution
A Nationalist Queen
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In 1891 Kalakaua died and his sister
Liliuokalani succeeded him. She vowed to
regain “Hawaii for the Hawaiians”
{When Queen Liliuokalani announced plans to
publish a new Hawaiian constitution, which
would give more power to native Hawaiians
supporters of annexation set up a
separate government}
Not wanting to see Hawaiians killed, Queen
Liliuokalani reluctantly surrendered the throne
Hawaii was annexed in 1898. Declared a
territory in 1900 and became the 50th state in
1959.
Queen Liliuokalani
U.S. Involvement in China
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In 1895 Japan seized China’s Liaotung Peninsulathe large island of Tiwan and Korea
Taking advantage of China’s weakened position
Britain, France, Germany and Russia carved out
{spheres of influence or regions where a
particular country has exclusive rights over the
mines, railroads and trade in another country’s
territory}
Fearing being forced out of the China trade,
{Secretary of State John Hay, called for an Open
Door Policy in China} Since neither the
Europeans nor the Japanese replied, Hay
announced that the Open Door Policy had been
approved
Secretary of State John Hay
The Boxer Rebellion
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The Chinese formed a secret society called the
{Fists of Righteous Harmony, known as the
Boxers by the west}
In 1900 {the Boxers attacked the Western
missionaries and traders in northern China
becoming known as the Boxer Rebellion}
After an 8 week siege the international force
rescued the foreigners
In a second series of Open Door notes John
Hay pressured foreign powers to preserve
China’s right to rule its own territory.
China retained its sovereignty as a nation
Fists of Righteous Harmony
Boxer Rebellion Prisoners ca. 1901
Review
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What is the quest for colonial empires?
Alfred Thayer Mahan took the position
that the U.S. should establish what
outside of the country?
What did Captain James Cook rename
the Hawaiian Islands?
Who united the 8 major Hawaiian Islands
in about 1800?
When the Boxers attacked the Western
missionaries and traders in northern China
this became known as?
Mia the Boxer