Protein Synthesis Test Review
1. How does DNA hold information?
2. What is gene expression?
3. What are the two stages of protein synthesis?
4. What is transcription?
5. Where does transcription take place?
6. What is translation?
7. Where does translation take place?
8. What enzyme catalyzes transcription?
9. What is a promoter?
10. What are transcription factors?
11. What is a termination sequence?
12. What three things take happen to the pre-mRNA during RNA processing?
13. What is a codon?
14. How many possible codons are there? How many possible amino acids are there?
15. What is an anticodon?
16. tRNA molecules have an ______________ on one end an an _______________ on the other.
17. AUG is the _________________.
18. What marks the end of translation?
19. What do release factors do?
20. How many times can the same mRNA strand be translated?
Protein Synthesis Test
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How does DNA hold information?
In its specific sequences of nucleotides
What is gene expression?
The synthesis of a unique set of proteins. AKA, protein synthesis
What are the two stages of protein synthesis?
Transcription and translation
What is transcription?
The production of a specific mRNA molecule off of a DNA template
Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus
What is translation?
The production of a specific polypeptide off of an mRNA template
Where does translation take place?
At a ribosome in the cytoplasm
What enzyme catalyzes transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is a promoter?
a sequence on the DNA strand that marks where transcription should begin
What are transcription factors?
Proteins that bind to the promoter and help RNA polymerase to recognize where to begin transcribing
What is a termination sequence?
A sequence on the DNA that marks where transcription should end
What three things take happen to the pre-mRNA during RNA processing?
1) addition of a cap 2) addition of a poly A tail 3) splicing (introns are removed)
What is a codon?
A sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid
How many possible codons are there? How many possible amino acids are there?
64 possible codons, 20 possible amino acids
What is an anticodon?
The complement to a codon; found on a tRNA molecule
tRNA molecules have an ______________ on one end an an _______________ on the other.
Anticodon, amino acid
AUG is the _________________.
Start codon
What marks the end of translation?
A stop codon
What do release factors do?
Cause the ribosome and new protein to break off of the mRNA strand
How many times can the same mRNA strand be translated?
Multiple times