An Introduction to Health and Physical
Education
Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen
ISBN 1-55077-132-9
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Sport Psychology
 Sport psychology
 Study placed within context of sports
 How people think, feel, and behave in sporting situations
 The mental processes that motivate the way they behave in training and competition
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

The Mental and Physical Connection
 Connection between brain activity and workings of muscles, joints, limbs, and bodily systems
 In athletic performance, cerebral cortex plays key role
 Generates general mental state prior to athletic event
 Nervousness might lead to extra stimulus being placed on muscles and the development of “nervous tension”
 Controllable through relaxation exercises and techniques
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Performance States
 Ideal performance state
 The complete absence of doubt and fear of failure, and a general lack of inhibition
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A very narrow focus of attention with little or no signs of distraction from the goals of competition
A sense of effortlessness and simply “letting it happen”
Powerful feelings of being “in control” of one’s performance
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Key Terms in Sport Psychology
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Arousal
 “Being psyched up”
 Athlete feels ready physically and psychologically
Anxiety


General sense of uncertainty
Muscular tension/“Butterflies”
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Key Terms – cont’d
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Relaxation
 Mind-body state with no anxiety
Concentration
 Ability to keep one’s focus without being distracted
 Determine what is relevant and irrelevant to performance
Motivation
 Direction and intensity of effort
 Direction refers to attraction to certain sport situations
 Intensity refers to amount of physical and mental energy given
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Audience and Fatigue
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Role of the audience
 Some react positively to large crowds
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 Encouragement
Others better suited to settings of isolation
 Tools to control responses to audience
Fatigue


Mental state where feelings of tiredness can lead to decreases in performance
“push through pain to realize new performance levels
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Factors Affecting Performance
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
Self-Talk
 Internal monologue going through athlete’s mind before competition

 Can be encouraging or discouraging
Athletes need to regulate and control internal talk in a “positive” way to use it to achieve peak performance
Imagery and Visualization
 Tools used to assist seeing oneself succeed
 A powerful impetus for success
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Factors Affecting Performance – cont’d
 Hypnosis
 Two types
 Heterohypnosis
 Placed under hypnosis by another person
 Self-hypnosis
 Placed under hypnosis by self
 Three phases
 Induction
 Create feeling of relaxation
 Subject feels sleepy
 Hypnotic
 Able to carry out suggestions
 Waking hypnosis
 Wake-up
 Coming out of “trance” upon therapist’s signal
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Factors Affecting Performance – cont’d


Relaxation/Arousal Regulation
 Enforce a state of relaxation over mind and body leading to enhanced performance by removing anxiety
 Tools include:
 Breathing exercises
 Meditation
 Imagery
Developing concentration
 Selective attention
 Tools include:
 Positive self-talk
 Duplicating distractions during practice
 Cue words
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Factors Affecting Performance – cont’d
 Improving Motivation
 Four basic principles that relate to athletes:
 Personal traits vs. environment
 Multiple Motives
 Staying Motivated
 Leadership
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Factors Affecting Performance – cont’d
 Goal Setting
 Objective goals

 Empirically quantifiable
Subjective goals
 Outcomes harder to quantify
 S.M.A.R.T. Principle
 Specific
 Able to be precisely defined
 Measurable
 Able to be quantified
 Attainable
 Within an athlete’s limitations
 Realistic
 Attainable within constraints
 Timely
 Achievable within a set time frame
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

The Quest for Excellence
 Orlick’s wheel of excellence suggest seven key elements of excellence:
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Commitment
Focused connection
Confidence
Positive images
Mental readiness
Distraction control
Ongoing learning
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Sport Psychology and Children
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Can have significant impact on approach to sports from a physical, social, and mental perspective
Children respond well to praise and encouragement
Enjoyment of activities will help them build skills and confidence
Children benefit from participation during both games and practices
©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material.
This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.