Name: ____________________________________________
Period: ________
Study Guide: Middle East and Religions
Directions: This is your study guide for your Middle East test. It will cover the 3 major
religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, as well as the history of the Middle East since
1945.
1. Who was Justinian?
A Roman emperor who helped make laws fairer for Christians.
2. The capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople, was conquered in what year?
1453
3. Whom do the Hebrew claim as their ancestor?
Abraham
4. The Torah is the holy book of which religion?
Judaism
5. The Resurrection is the Christian belief that Jesus did what?
Rose from the dead
6. Who was the first Roman emperor to accept and practice Christianity in the Roman
Empire?
Constantine
7. Jewish religious leaders are called what?
Rabbis
8. Who was responsible for the terrorist attacks against the United States on
September 11, 2001?
Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda
9. What do Jews consider the holiest day of the entire year?
Yom Kippur
10. According to the Bible, Jesus was born in what town?
Bethlehem
Name: ____________________________________________
Period: ________
11. Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople and renamed it what?
Istanbul
12. Which of the following is an effect of the terrorist attacks against the United States
on September 11, 2001?
Increased security at airports and sporting events, creation of the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security, Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq
13. Many people believe that Jesus was the Messiah, meaning what?
He came to restore the greatness of Israel
14. Why was Jesus arrested?
He challenged the authority of political and religious leaders
15. The holy book of Christianity is called what?
Bible
16. Which Arabic leader was assassinated in Cairo because he signed a peace treaty
with Israel?
Anwar Sadat
17. Justinian built what famous temple in the city of Constantinople?
Hagia Sophia
18. Students in which country stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and took 60
Americans hostage for 444 days?
Iran
19. Which of these events happened first?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Muhammad began to talk about his messages.
Muhammad went to the hills to pray and meditate.
Mecca's rulers threatened Muhammad.
Muhammad traveled to Medina.
Name: ____________________________________________
Period: ________
20. The central teaching of the Qur'an is what?
There is only one god and Muhammad is his prophet
21. What is a hajj?
A pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims are expected to make
22. Which city is considered sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
Jerusalem
23. In 1453, the Ottomans defeated the Byzantine city of?
Constantinople
24. The Taj Mahal is an example of marvelous what?
Islamic architecture
Completion
The life and teachings of _____Jesus_______form the basis of Christianity.
The eastern Roman Empire is also called the _____Byzantine_______ Empire.
____Islam___ was the name of the religion introduced by the prophet Muhammad.
One requirement is that Muslims must pray ____five___ times a day.
Muhammad was born in the city of ______Mecca_______.
Key Concepts
The capital of the Ottoman Empire was Istanbul.
Moses is the Hebrew who led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt.
The most important Jewish laws are the Ten Commandments.
Muslims, once in their lives, will try to make a pilgrimage to the sacred city of Mecca.
Muslim mosques usually contain a large dome and 4 minarets.
Name: ____________________________________________
Period: ________
Key Terms to Know:
Nazareth is the place where Jesus grew up.
A pilgrimage is also known as “hajj,” it is a journey to a sacred place.
Judaism is the Hebrews' religion.
Constantinople is the capital of the eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire).
Minarets are towers for Muslim prayer calls.
A mosque is a building for Muslim prayer.
The Hagia Sophia is one of the Byzantine Empire's most beautiful churches.
The Ten Commandments are a code of moral laws
The Five Pillars of Islam are five acts of worship require of all Muslims
Monotheism is the worship of only one God
***Please study the Five Pillars of Islam as a possible short answer question.***
Five Pillars of Islam
The First Pillar of Islam
A statement of faith: “There is one god, Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.”
The Second Pillar of Islam
All Muslims must pray five times every day
The Third Pillar of Islam
All Muslims are expected to give a yearly donation to charity
The Fourth Pillar of Islam
All Muslims are expected to fast during the holy month of Ramadan
The Fifth Pillar of Islam
All Muslims, if they can, are expected to make a hajj to the holy city of Mecca.