General Biology
Homework Assignment 3
Name ______________________
Chapter 8
I. Word Bank: Define or describe the following:
- Asexual reproduction
- Sexual reproduction
- Binary fission
- Chromosome
- Chromatin
- Sister chromatids
- Centromere
- Cell cycle
- Interphase
- Mitotic (M) phase
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
- Mitotic spindle
- Growth factor
- Density dependent inhibition
- Anchorage dependence
- Cell cycle control system
- Benign tumor
- Malignant tumor
- Meiosis I
- Meiosis II
- Somatic cell
- Germ cell
- Homologous chromosomes
- Sex chromosomes
- Autosomes
- Diploid cell
- Haploid cell
- Zygote
- Crossing over
- Genetic recombination
- Karyotype
- Trisomy 21
- Nondisjunction
- Deletion
- Duplication
- Translocation
II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences
unless otherwise noted.
1. Fill in the table above comparing mitosis and meiosis.
2. Distinguish between events in interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
3. Describe the movements of chromosomes in prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
and telophase of mitosis.
4.Distinguish between terms in the following groups:
a. haploid—diploid
b. sister chromatids—nonsister chromatids
c. deletion—duplication—translocation
5. Describe how genetic variability is generated through meiosis and fertilization.
6.Identify factors that control cell division and describe how cancer cells escape these
controls.
Chapter 9
I. Word Bank: Define or describe the following:
-
Genetics
Character
Trait
Self-fertizilize
Cross-fertilize
Hybrids
Cross
Monohybrid cross
Dihybrid cross
Alleles
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Dominant allele
Recessive allele
Locus
Law of segregation
Phenotype
-
-
Genotype
Law of independent assortment
Testcross
Rule of multiplication
Rule of addition
Pedigree
Inbreeding
Complete dominance
Incomplete dominance
Codominant
ABO blood group
Pleiotropy
Polygenic inheritance
Chromosome theory of inheritance
Sex chromosomes
Sex-linked genes
II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences
unless otherwise noted.
1. Complete the concept map above to review concepts of genetics.
2. Explain Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment.
3. Describe the following disorders and give an example of each:
a. Recessive disorder
b. Dominant disorder
c. Pleiotropic disorder
d. Sex-linked disorder
4. Describe how sex is inherited in humans and identify the pattern of inheritance
observed for sex-linked genes.
Solve the following genetics problems involving monohybrid and dihybrid crosses for
autosomal and sex-linked traits, with variations on Mendel’s laws:
5. Tim and Jan both have freckles, but their son Mike does not. Show with a Punnett
square how this is possible. If Tim and Jan have another child, what is the
probability that he/she will have freckles?
6. A fruit fly with a gray body and red eyes (genotype BbPp) is mated with a fly having
a black body and purple eyes (genotype bbpp). What offspring, in what proportions,
would you expect if the body-color and eye-color genes are on different
chromosomes ?
7. A couple are both phenotypically normal but their son suffers from hemophilia, a
sex-linked recessive disorder. What fraction of their children are likely to suffer
from hemophilia? What fraction are likely to be carriers?
Chapter 10
I. Word Bank: Define or describe the following:
- Double helix
- 3’ end
- 5’ end
- Semiconservative model of replication
- DNA polymerase
- DNA ligase
- Leading strand
- Lagging strand
- Transcription
- RNA polymerase
- Promoter
- Terminator
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
- Codon
- Start codon
- Stop codon
- Translation
- Genetic code
- Degeneracy
- Ribosomes
II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences
unless otherwise noted.
1.
Complete the concept map above.
2. Compare and contrast the structures of DNA and RNA.
3. The base sequence of the gene coding for a short polypeptide is
3’ CTACGCTAGGCGATTGACT 5’. What would be the base sequence of the mRNA transcribed
from this gene? Using the genetic code in Figure 10.8A, give the amino acid sequence of the
polypeptide translated from this mRNA. (Hint: What is the start codon?)
4. Explain the terms universal and degenerate in relation to the genetic code.
Chapter 12
I. Word Bank: Define or describe the following:
- Recombinant DNA
- Plasmids
- Vectors
- Gene cloning
- Genetic engineering
- Vaccine
- Genetically modified (GM) organism
- Transgenic organism
- Gene therapy
- DNA profiling
- Forensics
- PCR
- Gel electrophoresis
- RFLP
II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences
unless otherwise noted.
1.
Imagine you have found a small quantity of DNA. Fill in the above diagram, which outlines a
series of DNA technology experiments you could perform to study this DNA.
2. Distinguish between terms in the following groups:
a.
restriction enzyme—DNA ligase
b. GM organism—transgenic organism
c.
SNP—RFLP
d. genomics—proteomics
3. Describe the following applications of gene cloning:
a.
Therapeutic drugs
b. Vaccines
c.
Gene therapy
d. DNA profiling
4. Describe 4 ways that DNA profiling is used.