Physical Geography
Unit 2
Agenda of Big Ideas
• Natural environmental characteristics, such as
climate, geology, drainage patterns, and vegetation,
define the physical regions of Canada.
• Canada’s Ecozones
• Geological, climatic, and hydrological processes,
phenomena, and events have shaped, and continue
to shape, Canada’s natural landscape.
• Geological processes (plate tectonics, earthquakes)
Agenda of Big Ideas
• Natural environmental characteristics, such as
climate, geology, drainage patterns, and vegetation,
define the physical regions of Canada.
• Canada’s Ecozones
• Geological, climatic, and hydrological processes,
phenomena, and events have shaped, and continue
to shape, Canada’s natural landscape.
• Geological processes (plate tectonics, earthquakes)
Steps to Success
Our plan is to
learn…
• …what physical geography
is
• … the different ways
Canada’s regions can be
divided
I have succeeded
because I…
•
… can name some components
of physical geography
•
… understand Canada has many
different climatic regions,
physical regions, vegetation
regions and ecozones
•
…understand why ecozones
exist
•
…can recall some important
features of ecozones in Canada
Physical Geography is…
• ….the study of the Earth’s natural features
• 地球的自然特征研究
It includes:
• Climate
• 气候
• Landforms
• 地貌
• Soil & Vegetation
• 土壤和植被
• Ecozones
• 生态区
Which ones are ecozones?
You can divide Canada
based on areas with
similar features….
您可以根据具有
类似的功能区域
划分加拿大
Canada
N
Climate Regions
Nunavut
British
Columbia
Quebec
Manitoba
Alberta
Ontario
Arctic
Boreal
West Coast
Prairie
Mountain
Southeastern
Weather vs. Climate
• Weather 天气 = day to day measures of
temperature, precipitation…
• Climate 气候 = long term patterns of temperature
and precipitation
Canada
N
Physical Regions
Western Cordillera
Innuitians
Interior Plains
Appalachia
Canadian Shield
Great Lakes St. Lawrence
Lowlands
Lowlands
Yukon
Yukon
Territory
Territory
Northwest
Whitehorse Territories
British
British
Columbia
Columbia
Alberta
Nunavut
物理区域
Quebec
Manitoba
Alberta
Ontario
Physical Regions of Canada
植被区
Canada
N
Vegetation Regions
Yukon
Territory
Northwest
Territories
Tundra
West Coast Forest
Boreal Forest
Broad-leaved Forest
Grassland
Mixed Forest
Parkland
Cordilleran Vegetation
Nunavut
Quebec
Manitoba
Alberta
Ontario
Vegetation Regions of Canada
What is an ecozone?
• A place based on characteristics of natural origin
(climate, landform, soil and vegetation)
• 基于天然来源（气候，地形，土壤和植被）的特性的
地方
加拿
大生
态区
David Suzuki
Canadian
environmental
activist
David Suzuki
Foundation
The Nature of Things
Wild Canada
** ACTIVITY **
• You will be given a blank map of Canada
• You will be given a variety of maps of Canada
• YOUR TASK:
• Divide Canada into 5-6 ecozones
• Remember, ecozones are areas that share similar features
• Justify your division (by writing 2-3 sentences per ecozone
to highlight similarities within that ecozone, or other
reasons why that region exists as a separate ecozone.)
• Use colour. Don’t forget the legend!
• TIME: 30-40 minutes
Class / Home Work
• Read Chapter 15 of your textbook (Canada’s
Ecozones, pages 172-179
• Answer questions on page 180-181
• Questions: 1a, 3a, 3c, 3d, 3e, 7
** TASK **
• Individually or in partners…
• Pick one of the ecozones (no duplicates)
• Create ...
•
•
•
•
•
A song (or)
A piece of art (or)
A collage (or)
A news report (or)
Other (need teacher approval)
… representing that ecozone. Your job is to make sure the ecozone
is well represented and that your fellow student never forget what
your ecozone has and why it’s important.
Agenda of Big Ideas
• Natural environmental characteristics, such as
climate, geology, drainage patterns, and vegetation,
define the physical regions of Canada.
• Canada’s Ecozones
• Geological, climatic, and hydrological processes,
phenomena, and events have shaped, and continue
to shape, Canada’s natural landscape.
• Geological processes (plate tectonics, earthquakes)
• Erosion, Weathering
Steps to Success
Our plan is to
learn…
• …what weathering is
• …what erosion is
• … how climate changes
physical landscape
I have succeeded
because I…
• …understand the difference
between weathering and
erosion
• … can explain weathering
and erosion to someone else
• … can discuss how climate
changes physical landscape
What does climate influence ?
什么气候的影响？
•
•
•
•
What influences (affects) climate ?
有什么影响（影响）的气候？
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
There are 6 factors that affect climate…
有迹象表明，影响气候的六大因素...
• Latitude - 纬度
• Ocean Currents - 洋流
A useful acronym to help
remember these factors is
• Winds and Air Masses -风
LOWER Near Water
• Elevation -海拔
• Relief -景观
• Near to Water -靠近水的地方
Factors affecting climate: Latitude
影响气候的因素：纬度
Latitude: gives the
location of a place on
Earth north or south
of the equator
• Closer to the
Poles = cooler
temperature
Why ?
Therefore,
• Temperature decreases as you move north or south
of the equator, because since the Earth is curved, the
same amount of light (energy, heat) is spread over a
larger area, so less energy per square metre.
• 当您移动赤道以北或以南，因为既然地球是弯曲的，
光（能源，热）等量分布在更大的面积，每平方米
让更少的能量温度降低。
Factors Affecting Climate:
Ocean Currents 洋流
• Ocean Currents: continuous, directed movement of
ocean water
• Ocean currents affect climate because they influence
the temperature of the air coming off the water.
Factors Affecting Climate:
Winds 风
Air moves from HIGH PRESSURE to LOW PRESSURE (movement = wind)
DAY: air above land heats up quicker than air above water
NIGHT: air above land cools quicker than air above water
Prevailing Winds: Patterns
of air movement from high
to low pressure
In Canada – the WESTERLIES
– blow West to East
Jet Stream
High Speed Air Current
How does the Jet Stream work
Factors affecting climate:
Altitude 高原
• Higher altitude = cooler temperatures
• As air rises, it expands and cools
Factors Affecting Climate :
Relief (Landscape) 景观
Mountains
create barriers
of
precipitation
Factors that Affect Climate:
Near Water 靠近水的地方
• Close to large body of water = more rain
How does Climate Affect
Physical Landscape ?
• WEATHERING (& erosion)
• Weathering Explained
风化和侵蚀
Weathering
• Weathering – chemical and physical
processes that change the
characteristics of rocks on the Earth’s
surface
• occurs when rocks are exposed to
air/water
• Rocks are broken down (weathered) into
different types of sediments (sand, clay,
pebbles, boulders, cobbles..)
SEDIMENTS
Erosion
• Rock/soil/sediment loose in one area and moved to
another (via wind / water)
• Process by which the surface of the earth is worn
away by action of water, glaciers, wind, waves…
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2X4U1mQzoE
Wind Erosion
Water Erosion
Weathering & Erosion
Reflect
(hand in at end of class)
• Answer TWO of the following questions…
• Why does it rain so much in Vancouver?
• How do ocean current affect climate?
• Bodies of water have a moderating effect on land
temperatures. How so ?
• Answer this question…
• Describe the ways climate can the physical landscape.
• ESL STUDENTS – write in point form (not full sentences)
• 回答下列问题二...
• 为什么下雨这么多在温哥华？
• 如何洋流影响气候？
• 体水对土地的温度调节作用。怎么会这样？
• 回答这个问题...
• 描述方法的气候可以物理景观。
• ESL学生 - 写在点的形式（而不是完整的句子）