BELLWORK
1. What was the Industrial
Revolution?
2. Where did the Industrial
Revolution start? Where
did it spread?
3. What three materials were
newly produced during the
Industrial Revolution?
4. Why is this event
considered a “revolution?”
5. THINKER: Brainstorm a list
of modern inventions
(since 1990) – try and get
at least three!
Inventions since 1990
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World Wide Web (1990)
DVD’s (1995)
Web TV (1996)
Segway (2000)
Artificial heart/lungs (2001)
Ipod (2001)
Satellite Radio (2001)
Hybrid Car (2003)
YouTube (2005)
Inventions of the 1800s
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Battery
Tin can
Photograph/camera
Soda fountain
Stethoscope
Cement
Matches
Typewriter
Sewing machine
Revolver/Machine gun
Morse Code
Bicycle
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Stapler
Safety pin
Dishwasher
Washing machine
Elevator
Plastic
Dynamite
Vacuum
Barbed wire
Telephone
Toilet paper
Contact lenses
Transportation and Communication
• The Industrial Revolution was also
characterized by advances in transportation
and communication.
• Transcontinental Railroad: U.S. railroad
running from the east to west coast
• The increase in railroads allowed goods to be
shipped faster and cheaper.
• Telegraph: Samuel Morse perfected it using a
system called Morse Code
• Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell; by 1900
(30 years after its invention), 1.5 million
telephones were in use.
Environmental Problems - Air
• With the race for industrialization, many countries
began to exploit their natural resources (especially
coal, oil, and gas) all with little regard to the
environment.
• Coal was needed to power the steam engines that
would run machines and trains, but coal also released
huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere.
• The combination of smoke and fog produced smog,
which was visible as a thick blanket over cities.
• This caused thousands of deaths due to respiratory
diseases.
Environmental Problems - Water
• Water was another prime resource used for running
machines in factories.
• Factories dumped toxic industrial waste into nearby
rivers.
• Due to dense populations, the cities had no proper
system of sewage disposal, so rivers were also
contaminated for personal use.
• During the Industrial Revolution, there was no running
water – everything came from rivers; therefore, the
contaminated, toxic, filthy, sewage water was also
used as drinking water.
• This caused water-borne diseases like cholera or
typhoid fever to wipe out a huge portion of the
population. (Especially the working class).
Environmental Problems - Land
• With large amounts of populations moving
to the cities for work, land was being
exploited to build homes or more factories.
• This meant cutting down forest areas and
loss of natural habitats.
• Many factories used empty space as land
fills for their trash and toxic waste.
• This lead to a spread of disease
Pollution and Industrialization
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Pollution remains a side effect of industrialization.
We are going to read a short excerpt on the growth
of industrial cities and how it creates pollution.
“An Industrial City” – pg. 381
How did Manchester become an industrial city?
What type of industry did Manchester rely on?
What happened to the Irwell River?
Do you think that what happened to Manchester can
be called “progress?”
How do cities today compare/contrast with cities of
the 1800’s?
Everyday Americans
Living Conditions
• poor lived in crowded apartment buildings
called tenements
• overwork, poor sanitation, and
inadequate diet left slum dwellers
vulnerable to disease
• many poor children received no
education
• cities were full of prostitution,
pornography, and hard alcohol
Everyday Americans
Laborers
• Worked in
factories, mills,
and mines
• worked at least 60
hours a week for
an average pay of
about 20 cents an
hour, and had no
benefits
Everyday Americans
Laborers
• earnings
increased up to
60% from 18701900
Everyday Americans
With working conditions so bad,
why do you think people still came,
by the millions, to America?
Child Labor
• Why did factories use child labor during the
Industrial Revolution?
• Are there any companies that still use child
labor today?
• The following companies have been accused of
using child labor:
• Nike
Kmart
• Disney
J.C. Penney
• Hyundai
Victoria Secret
• Guess
Limited
• Wal-Mart
Espirit
Child Labor Facts
• Child labor is defined as work that negatively impacts
children. It is work that is harmful to children’s physical and
mental health and their social and spiritual development.
• There are more than 200 million children around the world
engaged in child labor
• It is estimated that 171 million children work in hazardous
conditions; such as in mines or in agriculture without
protection from pesticides and dangerous equipment.
• Some children are forced to work in slave-like conditions,
which includes situations where children are bonded
laborers working in dangerous conditions, children forced
into armed groups and children trapped in prostitution and
other forms of sexual exploitation.
• Children are consistently paid lower than adults for the
same job.
Arizona Labor Laws
• Under 16 years old:
• work no more than 40 hours in one week when school is not
in session
• they may work no more than 18 hours per week when school
is in session
• they may not work more than 8 hours per day when school
is not in session or the person is not enrolled
• they may not work more than 3 hours in one day when
school is in session
• shall NOT be employed at night (9:30 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.)
• Cannot be employed in the following areas: manufacturing,
processing, dry cleaning, warehousing, construction, more than
5 feet in height, serving, and operating machinery.
Child Labor in NIKE
• Nike is the world’s largest supplier of athletic shoes,
sports equipment and apparel.
• Nike employs over 30 million people worldwide and
makes $18 billion a year
• Nike has been accused of using child labor in China,
Vietnam, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Cambodia.
• Undercover investigation showed violations in
minimum wage/overtime (1996), discrimination against
women (1998), young girls working 7 days/week for 16
hours/day (2001), and forced labor (2007).
• Numerous campaigns and groups have protested this,
but Nike’s profitability continues to rise.
Child Labor in Nike
• You are now going to read an article on Child Labor in
a Nike factory in Pakistan.
• As you read, answer the questions on your worksheet.
• Be ready to discuss!
CLOSURE
• For closure, you are going to compare
and contrast Industrial Revolution
labor conditions with Nike’s labor
conditions.
• Create a Venn Diagram on your note
guide worksheet.
• Be ready to discuss!
Arizona Labor Laws
• Brainstorm a list of things you know about
labor laws/child labor in Arizona.
2010 - This week in history……
• Your French Revolution story book project is now due
MONDAY FEBURARY 7TH!
• Show-and-Tell on Friday!
• Bring a personal item from home that has some
value/importance to you
• On Friday, you will present this item to the class.
• During the short presentation, you must explain the item AND
• How it can be related to history and the growth of industry in the
1800s.
• If you didn’t bring anything, you MUST still present something.
• You can NOT bring weapons, live animals, or phones/iPods
• Basically anything can be related to the Industrial Revolution –
you just need to explain it! (textiles, gold, metal, steel, rubber,
electricity, plastic etc.)
• You might need to look it up at home 