Mutations (12.4)
State Standard
2D. Describe the relationships between changes
in DNA and potential appearance of new traits
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.4 Gene Regulation and Mutation
Mutations
 A permanent ____________ in the
nucleotide sequence of a cell’s DNA is
called a ____________.
 Types of mutations
 ____________
 ____________
 ____________
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.4 Gene Regulation and Mutation
Causes of Mutation
 Mutations can either occur ____________
or be caused by ____________.
Mutagen – Any agent that can harm DNA, causing
a mutation.
 Examples of Mutagens: chemicals, radiation,
____________, gamma rays, ultraviolet light,
____________, free radicals.
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.4 Gene Regulation and Mutation
Effects of Mutations
 ____________ Disorders (ex – Sickle Cell
disease, Cystic Fibrosis)
 Changes in shape & functionality of
____________.
 Dysfunctional protein ____________.
 ____________
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.4 Gene Regulation and Mutation
Types of Mutations
 Substitution – 1 nucleotide base is
____________ with another.
 Insertion – an ____________ nucleotide is
____________ in the DNA sequence.
 Deletion – 1 nucleotide base is ______
______ of the DNA sequence.
 Insertions & deletions cause
____________, which throw off the whole
DNA code for that section.
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
12.4 Gene Regulation and Mutation
Body-cell v. Sex-cell Mutation
 ____________ (body) cell mutations are
______ passed on to the next generation.
 Mutations that occur in _____ _____ are
passed on to the organism’s ____________
and will be present in every cell of the
offspring.