BIOL 2402, A&P II Laboratory
Minimum required structures and slides for:
Exercise 49: Survey of Embryonic Development
A. Structures on models:
1. development from zygote to gastrula
pronuclei of egg in process of fertilization
zygote (fertilized egg)
blastomeres of 2-cell stage, 4-cell stage, 8-cell stage, & 16-cell stage
morula
blastula
inner cell mass (ICM), trophoblast
gastrula
endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
2. models of the placenta
umbilical cord containing 2 umbilical arteries & 1 umbilical vein
placenta
chorion (fetal portion of the placenta)
chorionic villus containing embryonic blood vessels
intervillus space (lacunae) containing maternal blood
decidua basalis (maternal portion of the placenta and part of endometrium)
decidua capsularis (endometrium surrounding embryo but nor part of placenta)
decidua paretalis (endometrium not surrounding embryo or placenta)
embryo (0 to 8 weeks) and fetus (9 weeks to birth)
yolk sac
amniotic sac (amnion) containing amniotic cavity and fluid
allantois within body stalk
Helpful links:
a zygote is surrounded by a fertilization membrane & jellylike membrane
 after an egg is penetrated by sperm, their nuclei fuse  fertilization
 fertilization membrane forms beneath the jelly coat to prevent the entry of
more sperm (this video shows the membrane forming:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jp-RgIRgcYE)
sea urchin development links:
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/genomics/method/UrchDev.html
http://www.bioon.com.cn/protocol/showarticle.asp?newsid=16457
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