Word Connections – nouns and verbs
English Derivatives
What to include on Scratch Paper
Things to KNOW

• Rego, regere, rexi, rectus - rule: regina = queen, rex= king
• Duco, ducere, duxi, ductus – lead: dux = leader (duke came from this)
• Clamo, clamare, clamavi, clamatus – shout: clamor – noise, shouting
• Colo, colere, collui, cultus – till, cultivate, worship, inhabit: colonus – settler

• Consulo, consulere, consului, consultus – consult: consul – the highest elected official (you would consult this person)
• Curo, curare, curavi, curatus – care for, cure: cura – worry, care, concern
• Impero, imperare, imperavi, imperatus – command: imperator – commander

English Derivatives - what word do they come from and what do they mean?
• That was a laudable success
• The people lived in amity
• A multitude of errors
• He should improve his pecuniary habits
• There was a copious amount of water
• The dragon was a predatory creature
(praeda)

• The town was inundated
• He behaved in a puerile way
• The boy merited a trophy
• She needed to augment her income
• The young man was in a bellicose mood
• Cleopatra was famous for her pulchritude

• She questioned the veracity of that statement
• That was a verbose speech
• There was a paucity of supplies
• The disease was in its incipient stage

• English
• Immigrate/emigrate
• Legible/illegible
• Latin
• Exspecto/inspecto
• Amicus/inimicus
• Facio/interficio - let’s really analyze this word…

What Do I Include on My Scratch Paper?
Declension Charts - Really Important
Nom gen dat acc abl
Sing
-a
-ae
-ae
-am
-ā
1 st Declension
Pl
-ae
-arum
-īs
-ās
-īs

Nom gen dat acc abl
Sing
-us/r
-ī
-ō
-um
-ō
2nd Declension
Pl
- ī
-orum
- īs
- ōs
- īs
Neuter
-um/-ium -a
-a

Scratch Paper – Shortened Translation Tips
Really Important
1.
Verb ending? Person?
2.
Subject – noun w/ nom ending?? Agree with verb??
3.
Translate verb
4.
D.O.
English = S., V., DO

• Verb Chart
• Any of the blue tense charts that you want to include (and remember!)
• Any of the ‘to be’ word charts
• Anything that you think you need!

• Neuter nouns belong to the 2 nd declension. They are neither masculine or feminine.
• Neuter nouns end with –um or –ium in the nominative singular.
• Neuter nouns end with –a in both nominative and accusative plural.

• The ending of an adjective must agree with the ending of the noun it modifies in case, number, and gender.
• Why does this matter?
• Troīanī cum barbarīs multa bella gessērunt.

• Genitive Case – OF

When translating a genitive word to English, precede that word with the keyword ‘of ’.
Do not use apostrophe, then s (‘s), like we typically do in English!
• Ablative of Means
• By, with, by means of



Dative Case – Indirect Object
Uses the keywords ‘to’ or ‘for’
The noun to or for whom the action is done.