General Slides for
SOC120
Winter 2006
Week 6
(Study Guide edited 3/09/10)
Class Outline
Chapt Study Guide
MT Vocabulary
Bakersfield Californian 10/17/06 page B1
[What does a critical thinker see!]
A Critical Thinking Problem
2 points---write on back of discussion part of midterm
Kobe Bryant’s attorney at the pretrial
asked “is it not true that the injuries
the women was found to have could
have been obtained by having sex with
three different men”?
What does a critical thinker
think/decide?
A Critical Thinking Problem
What does a critical thinker
think/decide?
1. Fallacy ad hominem “poisoning the
well”
2. Suspend judgment on guilt—no
reason given to accept or dismiss
charges
Fortune Cookies
• Luck is with you now
act upon your instincts
• Your opportunities are
many
• You have firm
convictions-stand
strong behind them
Horoscopes
Do you read yours?
Do you believe your
Horoscope?
Statisticians Story
A non swimming statistician
calculated the average depth of a creek
was 3 foot so he just ran in and started
across."
What does a critical thinker think/do?
CT Thoughts
He drowned!
a.
b.
c.
Summary statistics hide a lot of information?
Do the statistics provided give you the information
you want or need?
Statistics don’t lie but people using statistics do?
The statistical average is the mathematical center of the
numbers, hidden are the highs and lows of the depth of the
creek. What is needed is the range---The high and Low
Further thoughts, which central tendency do you use?:
(1) You are a worker at Frito Lay and want to make a case for
increased salary.
(2) You are the superintendent of Frito Lay and want to make
the case that no salary increase is needed.
Week 6:
• (a) What is a fallacy? (b) Two ways to make a fallacy?
• Review week 5 (1. Pity d/Ex, Ecpt 2 “everyone knows Def/Ex Ecpt, 3
Argument fm Popularity Def/Ex, Ecpt 4 Smokescreen/redherring
Def/Ex 9How related to other fallacies)5 Rationalization 6. Two
Wrongs Def/Ex, Ecpt, 6 Relativism-subjectivism W5S14,15)
• Discuss Class Project Part II, issue groups and add to web
-Search for a web source with info about one of class debate issues
(1) Gay Marriage/Adoption , (2) Euthanasia
(3) Illegal Alien Licenses , (4) Drinking Age (5) TV and Children, bad
language [use web versions of issues]
• Review Internet search with laptops “Review Search Basics” +
Boolean logic --chocolate
- Share sites and search method
- Start web site credibility criteria
• Different sites for different information (e.g. NPR, Newspapers)
• Evaluate credibility exercise with laptops
• A03—Due Group evaluations, pencil changes, and turn in.
• Midterm S11
MIDTERM LAST CLASS DAY OF WEEK 6
1st Slide
CT Thoughts
Humor about corporate responsibility/Ethics
A man is getting into the shower just as his wife is finishing up her
shower when the doorbell rings. After a few seconds of arguing
over which one should go and answer the doorbell, the wife
gives up, quickly wraps herself up in a towel and runs
downstairs.
When she opens the door, there stands Bob, the next door
neighbor.Before she says a word, Bob says, "I'll give you 800
dollars to drop that towel you have on."
After thinking for a moment, the woman drops her towel and stands
naked in front of Bob. After a few seconds, Bob hands her 800
dollars and leaves. Confused, but excited about her good
fortune, the woman wraps back up in the towel and goes back
upstairs. When she gets back to the bathroom, her husband
asks from the shower "Who was that?"
"It was Bob the next door neighbor," she replies.
"Great," the husband says, "did he say anything about the 800 dollars
he owes me?"
MORAL OF THE STORY: If you share critical information pertaining to credit and risk in
time with your stockholders, you may be in a position to prevent avoidable exposure.
In broad terms providing information is the better policy.
C6 Terms: Make your own study outline 8th ed.
• Fallacy Def/Ex/Exception Review C5
• Ad homonym [p173b]
Personal attack [p174t]
Inconsistency [p174t]
except:appeal to “fair play”
Circumstantial [p175b]
Pseudorefutation [p176t]
Poisoning the well [p176m]
Genetic fallacy [p176b]
Positive ad hominym [p176b]
• Strawman [p177bt”relience on unknown
fact”]
• False dilemma [p179t]
Perfectionist fallacy [p???t]
Line-drawing fallacy [p182t]
Slippery slope [p182b]
Begging the question [p187t]
Burden of proof
Civil ~text
Legal ~text
Special circumstance
War? ~Me
All fallacies for C1-C6 study for final
Underlined required for A03
1st Slide
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
MT Review: C1-C6, Class, Assignments
C1 Critical Thinking overview (Vs Logic) [A01]
C2 Clear Writing: errors in writing spelling, grammar,
redundancy, complexity (pedantic), prolixity (verbose or
wordy), ambiguity (syntactic and/or semantic), Fallacy of
division, Fallacy of composition, comparisons, vagueness,
writing and diversity [A02, Sched W2 links]
C3 Credibility [Eval a source Sched W4 Crime]:
Source/Claim…(A01+ magazine exercise)
C4 Rhetoric: Euphemisms, Dysphemisms, Rhetorical (a)
comparisons (b) definitions, (c) explanations, Innuendo,
Loaded Questions, Weaslers (Scientific writing), Down
players, Horse laugh/ridicule/sarcasm, hyperbole, proof
surrogate, persuasive comparison, sarcasm (stereotype),
Subway napkin exercise
C5 Fallacies: A03 [F05W5S5, F05W5S10]
Fallacies review: Subjectivism Relativism [W5S12],
Poisoning the well [S2, S3],
Etc. Statistics [S6, S7]
MT Format: 60 MC 5 ID 1 SA 1-3 Discussion
Fallacies C1-6 8ed ~checked (Yannette Ramirez W07)13
Items 1-11 below should be understood, they are writing 14
errors but they are not considered fallacies.
15
1.
Organization
16
2.
Essay type (to avoid)
MT Vocabulary 17
3.
spelling
18
4.
grammar
19
5.
definitions
6.
Wordiness, redundancy, prolixity (verbose)
20
7.
complexity (pedantic)
21
8.
9.
10.
11.
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
ambiguity (48-50, 54)(syntactic(51-52),
semantic(50), grouping(52-53)
vagueness (42,43)
Misleading comparisons (45-48)
writing and diversity
RHETORIC--not a fallacy by presenter but acceptor
FALLACIES(“argument from” is unnecessary)
Fallacy of Division (53)
Fallacy of Composition (53-54)
Stereotype (122-123)
Proof Surrogate (131)
“Argument” from Outrage “Limbaugh fallacy” (146147)
Scapegoating (147-148)
Scare tactics (148)
--“Argument” by Force (148-149)
--“Argument” from Pity (150)
--“Argument” from Envy (150)
Apple Polishing “brown nosing”, “flattery” (151)
Guilt Trip (151)
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Wishful Thinking (151-152)
Peer Pressure “Argument” (152)
Group Think Fallacy (153)
--Nationalism (153)
Rationalizing (154)
“Argument” from Popularity (154-156)
“Argument” from Common Practice (156)
“Argument” from Tradition (156)
Subjectivism (6-7) (157-158)- thinking that
any idea is as good as another
Relativist fallacy (158-159)
Two Wrongs Make a Right (159-160)
Red Herring (160)
Smoke Screens (160-161)
Ad Hominem (173-174) Positive (177)
--Personal Attack Ad Homonym (174) (177)
--Inconsistency Ad Hominem (174-175)
--Circumstantial Ad Homonym (175-176)
--Poisoning the Well (176)
Genetic Fallacy (176) (177)
Straw Man Fallacy (177-179)
False Dilemma (179-181)
--Perfectionist Fallacy (181)
--Line-Drawing Fallacy (181-182)
Slippery Slope (182-183)
Burden of Proof (183-185) Legal, Civil, War, Spe
--Appeal to Ignorance (185-187)
1st Slide
Begging the Question, “circular reasoning” (187-1
Prior to Midterm Evaluation
Following is a summary of the grade components as of the midterm. If you have any
questions check with me after class are during office hours.
Quiz Questions
7 C1 Quiz
8.7 C2 Quiz
7.6 C3Quiz
3 C4Pre Quiz
7 C4 Quiz
5 C5Pre Quiz
8.5 C5 Quiz
ok Did not grade counted as attendance only.
85 (A) Curved quiz grade through Chapter 5
0 Recorded absences as of this date (absences over 2 count 2 points off)
__ (B)____(multiply number above over 2 by 2)
Homework Assignments (Each assignment is worth 3 points)
2.7 A01
3 A02
2.75
Pt I Class Project
0.55
(C) Total Assignment Points lost from A01, A02, Part I Class Project
To determine your grade at this time:
Subtract from A (Curved quiz grade), points lost in B (absences over 2 X 2) and C
(Assignment Points lost )to calculate your current grade. Check the syllabus if you have
forgotten how your grade is determined.
MT Xtra Point Quiz—limit 3 points-just list 1-10 with your answer on back of
midterm
1.
2.
____How many helicopters have crashed in Iraq in the last 2 weeks?
____Who in Washington had a copy of the NY Times Op Ed article by
Joseph Wilson under glass on their desk with comments such as “who is
this guy”?
3. ____What change is congress discussing about ballots for the next
presidential election?
4. ____What country today restarted negotiations with the US, Japan and
China on nuclear disarmament.
5. The ____ will be moved from June to February in California next year.
6. According to a new study found in a New England journal, ___% of
doctors feel that they are not obligated to tell patients about legal
procedures that go against their personal or religious values.
7. Shining a UV light on ___ will make it glow. This is how they knew that a
man in a hospital bed had drank ___ in a suicide attempt.
8. A car bombing just south of Baghdad this morning killed at least __
people.
9. The country of ___ has now set the highest fuel efficiency standards on
new automobiles.
10. Name one thing addressed in this morning’s California report on NPR. __
MT Xtra Point Quiz—limit 3 points-just list 1-10 with your answer on back of
midterm--answers
1.
2.
_6__How many helicopters have crashed in Iraq in the last 2 weeks?
_VP__Who in Washington had a copy of the NY Times Op Ed article by
Joseph Wilson under glass on their desk with comments such as “who is
this guy”?
3. _PAPER__What change is congress discussing about ballots for the next
presidential election?
4. __N KOREA__What country today restarted negotiations with the US,
Japan and China on nuclear disarmament.
5. PRES PRIMR will be moved from June to February in California next year.
6. According to a new study found in a New England journal, _8_% of
doctors feel that they are not obligated to tell patients about legal
procedures that go against their personal or religious values.
7. Shining a UV light on _ANTIFREEZE__ will make it glow. This is how
they knew that a man in a hospital bed had drank ___ in a suicide
attempt.
8. A car bombing just south of Baghdad this morning killed at least _15_
people.
9. The country of __GERMANY_ has now set the highest fuel efficiency
standards on new automobiles.
10. Name one thing addressed in this morning’s California report on NPR. __
Pre Quiz C6
1.
2.
Define “fallacy” (understandable to a student in the hall)
________Name one fallacy in chapter 6 of the text
(a) Define the fallacy
(b) Give an example of the fallacy
(c) Give an exception to the fallacy (same structure and premise but
not a fallacy)