EXCEL CHAPTER 2
OBJECTIVES
• Use semi-selection to create a formula
• Use relative, absolute, and mixed cell
references in formulas
• Insert a function
• Total values with the SUM function
• Insert basic statistical functions
• Determine results with the IF function
• Use lookup functions
• Use range names
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SEMI SELECTION TO CREATE
FORMULA
• Semi-selection uses the mouse pointer to
build a formula containing cell references
or ranges
• This technique is also called pointing
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CELL REFERENCES
• Excel offers three types of cell references
for use when a formula is copied
– Absolute$A$1
– Relative A1
– Mixed
$A1 or A$1
• $ indicates that the row number or column
letter will not be modified during a copy
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EXAMPLE
• Download Day4-Example.xlsx file to your
computer and save it.
• Apply cell style to cell A1 and cell range A7
to C7.
• Adjust column A width as required.
• Wrap text for cell range A7 to C7.
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EXAMPLE
• Format cell range A8 to A12 as Currency
with 0(zero) decimal places.
• In cell B8 type the formula =A8*$B$5
• Autofill B9 through B12.
• In cell C8 type =A8- and click on cell B8
• Autofill C9 through C12.
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EXAMPLE AFTER WORKING
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FUNCTIONS
• An Excel function is a predefined formula
that performs a calculation
• Syntax is the set of rules that govern correct
formation of a function
• An argument is an input, such as a cell or
range
• A function begins with the equal sign (=)
followed by the function name and arguments
in parentheses
Example: =SUM(A1:A3)
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FUNCTION CATEGORIES AND
DESCRIPTION
Category
Description
Compatibility
Contains functions compatible with Excel 2007 and earlier.
Cube
Returns values based on data in a cube.
Database
Analyses records stored in a database format in Excel.
Date & Time
Provides methods for manipulating date and time values.
Engineering
Calculates values commonly used by engineers.
Financial
Performs financial calculations.
Information
Provides information about the contents of a cell.
Logical
Performs logical tests and returns the value of tests.
Lookup &
Reference
Looks up values, creates links to cells, provides references
to cells.
Math & Trig
Performs standard math and trigonometry functions.
Statistical
Performs common statistical calculations.
Text
Manipulates text strings.
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INSERTING A FUNCTION
• When a function is typed, Formula
AutoComplete displays a list of functions
matching the partial entry
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INSERTING BASIC FUNCTIONS
• A function ScreenTip is a small pop-up
description that displays the function
arguments
• Totaling values with SUM function
• =SUM(number 1, [number 2],…..)
• Using Average Function
• =AVERAGE(number 1,[number2],…..)
• Using Median Function
• =MEDIAN(number 1,[number2],…..)
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MORE MATH AND STATISTICAL
FUNCTIONS
Function Syntax
Description
=ABS(number)
Displays the absolute value of a number
=FREQUENCY(data_array,bins_arr Counts how often values appear in given
ay)
range
=INT(number)
Rounds a value number down to nearest
whole number
=MODE.SNGL(number1,[number2]
,…)
Displays the most frequently occuring value
in list
=PI()
Returns the value of pi accurate upto 15
digits
=PRODUCT(number1,[number2],… Multiplies all values within argument list.
)
=RANDBETWEEN(bottom,top)
Generates random numbers between two
numbers
=ROUND(number,num_digits)
Rounds value to specific number of digits
=RANK.AVG(number,ref,[order])
Returns an average rank for identical values
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DATE/TIME FUNCTIONS
Function Syntax
Description
=TODAY()
Displays today’s date: month, day, year
=NOW()
Displays today’s date and current military time
=DATE(year,month,day)
Returns serial number for a date
=EDATE(start_date,months)
Displays serial number of a date a specified
number of months in future or past
=DAY(serial_number)
Displays the day within a month for a serial number
=MONTH(serial_number)
Returns the month for a serial number
=YEAR(serial_number)
Identifies the year for a serial number
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LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
• IF function
– IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)
• The IF function has three arguments:
– A logical test or condition that is true or false
– The resulting value if the condition is true
– The resulting value if the condition is false
NESTED FUNCTIONS
• A nested function occurs when one
function is embedded as an argument to
another function; for example:
=IF(A1<A2,MIN(B1:B5),MAX(B1:B5))
– Compute the MIN function if A1 is less than
A2
– Compute the MAX function if A1 is not less
than A2
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LOOKUP FUNCTIONS
• Lookup functions are used to look up
values in a table to perform calculations or
display results
• For example, a teacher may want to look up an
average in order to assign a grade
• When searching a range, the breakpoint
is the lowest value
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CREATING LOOKUP TABLE
• A lookup table typically lists breakpoints
in one column and return values in a
second column
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VLOOKUP FUNCTION
• The VLOOKUP function searches a
lookup table for a value and returns the
result from the related column
• VLOOKUP has three required arguments:
– Lookup value
– Table array (range of lookup table)
– Column index of return value
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EXAMPLE
• In Day4-Example.xlxs open GradeBook
worksheet
• In cell F3 type the formula for lookup as
=VLOOKUP(E3,$A$3:$B$7,2)
• Autofill the remaining cells.
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RANGE NAME
• A range name is a word or phrase used to
identify a cell or cell range
• Range names make formulas easier to read
• Create a range name
– Click the Formulas tab, click Define Name in the
Defined Names group to open the New Name
dialog box, type the range name in the Name
box, and then click OK
– Click in the Name Box, type the range name, and
then press Enter.
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