Name________________________________Date______________Class Pd__________
Chapter 8 and 9 Study Guide
Chemical Energy and ATP
Circle the part of ATP that is hydrolyzed when energy is released, the so-called “high energy
bond.”
Fill in the blanks with two or three. The primary difference in the structures of ATP and ADP is
that ATP has __3_ phosphate groups and ADP has ____2____phosphate groups.
Making an Analogy. If glucose is a $100 bill, and ATP is a $1 bill, what would ADP be?
Small change
Compare/Contrast Autotroph and Heterotroph
Autotroph
Directly uses sunlight for energy
X
An oak tree is an example.
X
X
A mushroom is an example.
Makes its own food
X
X
Consumes other living things to get
energy
Is capable of photosynthesis
Heterotroph
X
Chlorophyll and Chloroplasts
A model of a chloroplast is shown below. Follow the directions.
1. Label the stroma.
4. Label where the Calvin cycle takes place
2. Label a thylakoid
5. Label where the light reactions take place
3. Label a granum.
6. Label where the photosynthetic pigments are found
Stroma, where Calvin cycle is
Grana, a stack of thylakoids
Thylakoids, light reactions and pigments are found in the membrane
Answer the questions.
7. Where do the light-dependent reactions occur? Circle the correct answer.
thylakoids
stroma
8. Where do the light-independent reactions occur? Circle the correct answer. thylakoids
stroma
9. True or false? In plants, photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.___T
10. The function of chlorophyll is
A. to protect a plant from losing water.
B. to help plants absorb oxygen.
C. to protect the plant cell.
D. to capture energy from the sun.
Answer the questions. Circle the correct answer(s).
11. Which reactions change the energy of sunlight to energy-rich carriers?
light-dependent reactions
light-independent reactions
12. Which substances are needed for light-dependent reactions?
CO2
ADP
light
oxygen
NADP+
water
ATP
NADPH
water
ATP
NADPH
13. Which two (three) reactants are needed for Calvin cycle?
CO2
ADP
light
oxygen
NADP+
Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Match each statement below to one or more of the following choices:
A. Light reactions
B. Calvin cycle
C. Glycolysis
D. Krebs cycle
E. Electron transport chain
F. Chemiosmosis
14. Uses energy from the sun
A
15. Uses carbon dioxide
___________________________
B
___________________________
16. Produces carbon dioxide
D
___________________________
17. Produces oxygen
A
___________________________
18. Requires oxygen
E
___________________________
19. Produces sugar
B
___________________________
20. Makes ATP
AFCD
___________________________
21. Takes place in the stroma
B
___________________________
22. Takes place in the matrix
D
___________________________
23. Takes place in thylakoids
AF
___________________________
24. Requires water
A
___________________________
25. Produces water
E
___________________________
Comparing Reactants and Products
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Reactants
6CO2
C6H12O6
Products
C6H12O6
6H2O
6O2
CO2
6O2
H2O
26. Circle the letter of each statement that is true about the Calvin cycle.
A. The main products of the Calvin cycle are six carbon dioxide molecules.
B. Carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle from the atmosphere.
C. Energy from ATP and high-energy electrons from NADPH are used to convert 3-carbon
molecules into higher-energy forms.
D. The Calvin cycle uses 6 molecules of carbon dioxide to produce a single 6-carbon sugar
molecule.
27. Why is the Calvin cycle also known as the “light-independent reactions?”
Does not directly require light
28. Even though they are light-independent, explain why the Calvin cycle occurs during the day
in most plants. Because the Calvin cycle requires the products of the light reactions (ATP
and NADPH) which are produced during the day
Compare:
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Where the ATP
Synthase is located
In thylakoid membrane
In inner membrane
Where the H+ gradient
builds up
In thylakoid space
In inner membrane space
Where the ETC is
located
In thylakoid membrane
In inner membrane
Role of oxygen
Produced after water gives up
electrons to Photosystem II
Accepts electrons at the end of the
ETC and becomes water
Role of water
Supplies electrons to
photosystems
Produced from O2 at end of ETC
Chapter 9 Vocabulary Review
For Questions 1–6, match the term with its definition.
Term
F
Definition
1. anaerobic
D
2. glycolysis
C
3. Krebs cycle
B
4. fermentation
A
5. matrix
E
6. aerobic
A. Innermost compartment of a mitochondrion
B. Process that forms either lactic acid or ethyl alcohol when
no oxygen is present
C. Stage of cellular respiration that starts with pyruvic acid
and produces carbon dioxide
D. Process in which glucose is broken down into two
molecules of pyruvic acid
E. Term that describes a process that requires O2
F. Term that describes a process that does not require O2
C
7. Which is the electron carrier that accepts electrons during glycolysis?
A. ADP
C. NAD+
B. ATP
D. NADP+
8. Complete the illustration by adding labels for the three main stages of cellular respiration.
Glycolysis
Krebs
Electron Transport Chain
Chemiosmosis
For Questions 9–13, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the
underlined word or words to make the statement true.
Matrix
9. The pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis enters the stroma if oxygen is
present in a cell.
O2
10. In the mitochondrial ETC, the final electron acceptor is NADH
True
11. As ATP is made by chemiosmosis, protons move from the inner
membrane space to the matrix
NADH or FADH2
12. Carbon dioxide is a product of the Krebs cycle that carries high
energy electrons.
True
13. The transfer of high-energy electrons down the electron transport
chain causes H+ to be transported across the mitochondrial
membrane.
Fermentation
For Questions 14–18, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change
the underlined word or words to make the statement true.
True
14. Glycolysis provides the pyruvic acid molecules used in fermentation.
+
NAD
15. Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating the NADH
needed to accept high-energy electrons.
Anaerobic
16. Fermentation is an aerobic process.
Cytoplasm
17. Fermentation occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
True
18. Alcoholic fermentation gives off carbon dioxide and is used in making
bread.
19. Compare and contrast alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
Type of
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Example of cells that do this
process
Yeast
Final products
Lactic acid
Muscle cells, some bacteria
Lactic acid and NAD+
CO2 and alcohol and NAD+