The Civil War: Chapter 11
Confederate
Union
Make a T-Chart
• Union strengths and weaknesses.
• Confederate strengths and weaknesses.
Key Figures of the Civil War: Union
Abraham Lincoln:
President of the
U.S. during the
Civil War. 1st
Republican
president in history.
Ulysses S. Grant:
Assumed
command of entire
Union army in
1864. He defeated
the South and
accepted Robert E.
Lee’s surrender at
Appomatox
Courthouse. 18th
president of the
U.S.
William T. Sherman:
Union general who
took command of the
western forces. His
capture of Atlanta in
1864 signaled a
Union victory was
near. He is most
remembered for his
“march to the sea,” in
which he burned and
destroyed southern
cities and railways in
an effort to disrupt the
Confederacy.
Key Figures of the Civil War: Confederacy
Jefferson
Davis: 1st and
only president
of the
Confederate
States of
America.
Robert E. Lee:
Commander of the
Confederacy’s
Army of Northern
VA. Despite
winning several
impressive
victories, he
eventually
surrendered to
General Grant.
Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson: Confederate
general and righthand man to Robert
E. Lee. Greatest
victory at
Chancellorsville.
Many believe the
South would have
won the war had he
lived to fight at
Gettysburg.
First Battle of Bull Run
(Manassas)
• The 1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), was the
1st battle of the Civil War, and a humiliating
defeat for the Union.
• Had they been better organized, the
Confederates could have invaded Washington,
D.C. afterward, but they failed to pursue the
retreating Union army and missed a golden
opportunity.
• The battle proved that the war would be longer
than expected and led Lincoln to adopt General
Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan.
The Anaconda Plan
• Winfield Scott’s Anaconda
Plan involved surrounding the
Confederacy and cutting off all
supply lines, much like an
anaconda wraps around its
prey and squeezes the life out
of it.
• It restricted southern trade and
communications by seizing
control of the Mississippi River,
cutting the Confederacy in half,
and instituted a naval blockade
of the Confederate coastline
Battles of the Civil War
Flip Chart
•
•
•
•
•
•
Second Battle of Bull Run
Antietam
Chancellorsville
Gettysburg
Vicksburg
The Battle of Atlanta &
Sherman’s March to the
Sea
• Surrender at Appomattox
Courthouse
• Commanders- Union &
Confederate
• Significant Info: strategies
used, advantages &
disadvantages of each
side, new tech used, etc.
• Outcome: winner and
casualties for each side.
Lincoln’s Political Struggles
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lincoln was glad that several slave states stayed in the Union, but he
realized that southern sympathizers were common in these areas.
If Maryland joined the Confederacy, the Union capital of Washington, D.C.
would be surrounded by Confederate territory.
Concerned that Maryland might secede, Lincoln declared martial law in
Maryland, and suspended the writ of habeas corpus (the guarantee that a
person can’t be imprisoned w/o being brought before a judge) and jailed the
strongest Confederate supporters.
Lincoln also instated a draft, which was unpopular among the poor and
immigrants (rich folks could avoid the draft by hiring a sub for $300.)
Draft riots broke out in New York City, killing more than 100 people.
One group that was among Lincoln’s strongest opponents was the
Copperheads: Union Democrats who were Confederate sympathizers.
Copperhead encouraged draft resistance and made threats on Lincoln’s life.
First metal ships in world!
• Atlanta Burning- Sherman's March to the
Sea
Emancipation and the War
• On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation.
• The Emancipation Proclamation freed all of the slaves in states
under Confederate control.
• Although the proclamation did not bring an immediate end to
slavery, it promised that enslaved people would be free when the
North won the war.
• Lincoln hoped to give the war a moral focus beyond just saving the
Union.
• It also encouraged African Americans to serve in the Union army.
Seeing their battle as one to free their own people from slavery ,
African Americans served notably in the war.
• Take the 54th Massachusetts for instance.
th
54
The
Regiment attack on
Fort Wagner, SC- July 18, 1863
The Gettysburg Address
• Four months after the Battle of Gettysburg,
President Lincoln gave his famous
Gettysburg Address at a ceremony
dedicating a cemetery on the sight of the
battlefield.
• It was a powerful affirmation of Lincoln’s
desire to see the Union survive and the
nation saved.
Gettysburg Address
• that from these honored dead we take
increased devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we
here highly resolve that these dead shall not
have died in vain -- that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that
government of the people, by the people, for
the people, shall not perish from the earth.
»
Abe Lincoln
Chapter 11, Section 2
The Hardships of War
Medical Care
• Approximately 25 percent of Civil War soldiers did not survive the
war. Disease killed many of them.
• Poor nutrition and contaminated foods led to dysentery and typhoid
fever. Malaria and pneumonia were also killers.
• A Union soldier was three times more likely to die in camp or in a
hospital than he was to be killed on the battlefield.
• Some 4,000 women served as nurses for the Union army. By the
end of the war, nursing was no longer only a man’s profession.
• Sanitation was non-existent. Rotting food and garbage littered the
ground. Human and animal waste polluted water supplies.
Life Behind the Lines–
Assessment
What legal measures were used to ensure loyalty to the Union?
Chapter 11, Section 2
(A) The use of greenbacks
(B) The law of contraband
(C) The use of martial law and the suspension of the writ of habeas
corpus
(D) The Emancipation Proclamation and allowing African Americans to
join the military
Life Behind the Lines–
Assessment
What legal measures were used to ensure loyalty to the Union?
Chapter 11, Section 2
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The use of greenbacks
The law of contraband
The use of martial law and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus
The Emancipation Proclamation and allowing African Americans to join
the military
Surrender at Appomattox
Chapter 11, Section 4
• On April 2, 1865, Lee tried to slip around Grant’s army.
He planned to unite his troops with those of General
Johnston. Lee hoped that together they would be able to
continue the war.
• On April 9, 1865, Lee’s forces came to the Virginia town
of Appomattox Court House. They were surrounded
by a much larger Union force.
• Lee’s officers suggested that the army could scatter and
continue to fight as guerrillas—soldiers who use surprise
raids and hit-and-run tactics. Lee rejected this idea.
• That afternoon Generals Lee and Grant met in a private
home. Lee surrendered, and the two men signed the
surrender papers.
A New Birth of Freedom
Chapter 11, Section 4
• The Thirteenth Amendment (abolished slavery) was
ratified by the states and became law in December 1865.
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except
as punishment for crime whereof the party shall
have been duly convicted, shall exist within the
United States, or any place subject to their
jurisdiction.”
• Lincoln noted in his Second Inaugural Address that
slavery had divided the nation, but he also laid the
groundwork to “bind up the nation’s wounds.”
Chapter 11, Section 4
Civil War Deaths
Election of 1864 & Lincoln’s
Inaugural Address
nd
2
• In an effort to defeat Lincoln and negotiate an end to the war, the
Democrats nominated former Union general, George McClellan, for
president.
• But Sherman’s capture of Atlanta 2 months before the election
convinced everyone that Union victory was within reach, and Lincoln
was elected for a second term.
• During his second inaugural address in March 1865, Lincoln
condemned slavery, and expressed his hope for reuniting the nation
once the war war over.
• He expressed his sorrow that both sides had suffered and
communicated a vision of rebuilding the South rather than punishing
it.
• Photos of Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address
Lincoln Is Assassinated
Chapter 11, Section 4
• Abraham Lincoln did not live to see the official end of the war.
• Throughout the winter of 1864–1865, a group of Southern
conspirators in Washington, D.C., had plotted to kidnap Lincoln and
exchange him for Confederate prisoners of war.
• After several unsuccessful attempts, their leader, John Wilkes
Booth, assigned members of his group to assassinate top Union
officials.
• On April 14, 1865, Booth shot President Lincoln while he was
watching a play at Ford’s Theater.
• Booth was shot to death after he had fled from the theater and was
found hiding in a tobacco barn.
• Lincoln’s funeral train took 14 days to travel from Washington, D.C.,
to his hometown of Springfield, Illinois.
Devastation and New Freedom–
Assessment
Chapter 11, Section 4
Why did the South fear the election of Abraham Lincoln?
a) They knew that Lincoln was an adamant supporter of
“popular sovereignty.”
b) Lincoln had run on a platform of abolishing slavery throughout
the nation.
c) Lincoln openly supported the Dred Scott decision.
d) They feared that he would seek not only to prevent slavery in
new territories, but to end it in the South also.
What was the importance of the Thirteenth Amendment?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
It brought an end to the Civil War.
It reunited the Union.
It established the terms of the Confederate surrender.
It ended slavery in the United States forever.
Assessment
• How did Sherman’s taking Atlanta greatly impact the election of
1864?
– A. It allowed Lincoln to suspend the write of habeas corpus in GA, thereby
assuring that only Lincoln’s supporters went to the polls.
– B. It inspired faith in military generals, thereby leading to General McClellan
being nominated for president.
– C. It assured people in the North that victory was in sight, thereby increasing the
popularity of President Lincoln and allowing him to win re-election.
– D. It led to Lincoln’s defeat b/c he lost the support of Southerners whom
Sherman had abused.
• It was a major turning point in the war that ended the South’s hoped
of successfully invading the North. In addition, many believe that
had General “Stonewall” Jackson been alive the South would have
won this battle, and quite possibly, the war. Which battle was it?
–
–
–
–
A. Gettysburg
B. Antietam
C. Vicksburg
D. Chancellorsville
Assessment
• What was the Emancipation Proclamation,
what impact did it have on the role of
African Americans in the Civil War, and
why did it have this impact?
• Describe some of the advantages the
Union had during the war and explain how
they contributed to the Confederacy’s
defeat.
Technology made Civil
War . . .
The Monitor
More efficient and deadly
Vicksburg
Confederate Dead
Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.
After four bloody years of civil war,
the South was defeated.
Civil War ended when Lee
surrendered to Grant at
APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE
Lincoln is assassinated
Questions?