2023-09-16T17:15:22+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true Business customs and practices, International Adaption, Guide to adaption, Guide to adaption (a), Guide to adaption (b), Guide to adaption (c), Guide to adaption (d), Guide to adaption (e), Guide to adaption (f), Guide to adaption (g), Guide to adaption (h), Guide to adaption (i), Guide to adaption (j), Open tolerance, Flexibility, Humility, Justice and fairness, Adjustability to varying tempo, Curiosity, Knowledge of the country, Linking for others, Ability to commend respect, Integrated ability, Degree of adaptation, Degree of adaptation (a), Degree of adaptation (b), Degree of adaptation (c), Degree of adaptation (d), Awareness level, Communication level, Education level, Personalization, Adaptation forms, Adaptation forms (i), Adaptation forms (ii), Adaptation forms (iii), Cultural imperatives, Cultural electives, Cultural exclusives, Adaptation Aspects, Adaptation aspects are, Adaptation aspects (1), Adaptation aspects (2), Adaptation aspects (3), Adaptation aspects (4), Adaptation aspects (5), Adaptation aspects (6), Adaptation aspects (7), Adaptation aspects (8), Adaptation aspects (9), Authority Level (a) Ownership, Authority Level (b) Size, Authority Level (c) Contract, Authority Level (d) Public accountability, Authority Level (e) Cultural values, Authority Patterns (a) Top-level management decision, Authority Patterns (b) Decentralized decision, Authority Patterns (c) Committee decision, Management Objectives, Management Objectives (a) Personal goal, Management Objectives (b) Security, Management Objectives (c) Personal life, Management Objectives (d) Social acceptance, Management Objectives (e) Power, Communication, Communication (a) Internal communication, Communication (b) Face to face communication, Communication (c) E-communication, Communication (a) P-time, Communication (b) M-time, Formalities, Negotiation, Gender Bias, Business Ethic, Bribery, Bribery, Bribery ii) Extortion, Lubrication, Subornation, Agent’s fee, Cultural Change, i) Borrowing, ii) Similarities, iii) Resistance to change, iv) Cultural change agent, three strategies for changes of Cultural change agent, (a) Planned change, (b) Unplanned change, (c) Forced change, Changing Dimensions, a) Cultural variability, b) Cultural complexity, c) Cultural hostility, d) Cultural heterogeneity, e) Cultural independency, Attitude Changes Strategies (a-h), a) Classical conditioning, b) Advertising, c) Mere exposure, d) Change beliefs flashcards
Week 5-7 - Business Customs in Global Marketing-Political environment

Week 5-7 - Business Customs in Global Marketing-Political environment

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  • Business customs and practices
    International Adaption
  • International Adaption
    willingness to adapt the business customs, practices, attitudes of other countries.
  • Guide to adaption
    Open tolerance, Flexibility, Humility, Justice and fairness, Adjustability to varying tempo, curiosity, Knowledge of the country, linking for others, ability to commend respect, integrated ability
  • Guide to adaption (a)
    Open tolerance
  • Guide to adaption (b)
    Flexibility
  • Guide to adaption (c)
    Humility
  • Guide to adaption (d)
    Justice and fairness
  • Guide to adaption (e)
    Adjustability to varying tempo
  • Guide to adaption (f)
    curiosity
  • Guide to adaption (g)
    Knowledge of the country
  • Guide to adaption (h)
    linking for others
  • Guide to adaption (i)
    ability to commend respect
  • Guide to adaption (j)
    integrated ability
  • Open tolerance
    you have to accept the miss behavior of the people for the sake of business interest.
  • Flexibility
    to adapt with new culture, marketers should show their flexible attitude.
  • Humility
    Polite and gentleness can wine the world; it is not only for domestic but also for global business.
  • Justice and fairness
    avoid all kinds of fraud and cheating; maintain a basic principles and ethics.
  • Adjustability to varying tempo
    you have to adjust yourself with changing environment.
  • Curiosity
    show your interest and curiosity about the history, culture, and traditions of the country.
  • Knowledge of the country
    different aspects of the country such as politic, legal, social or govt.
  • Linking for others
    maintain a strong relationship identify their sensitive issues and do accordingly.
  • Ability to commend respect
    you must behave in such a way that other person must respect you.
  • Integrated ability
    Adjusting ability with every situation
  • Degree of adaptation
    Awareness level, Communication level, Education level, Personalization
  • Degree of adaptation (a)
    Awareness level
  • Degree of adaptation (b)
    Communication level
  • Degree of adaptation (c)
    Education level
  • Degree of adaptation (d)
    Personalization
  • Awareness level
    if the awareness level of the people is very high then adaptation process will be first
  • Communication level
    if the communication level of the people is very high then adaptation process will be first
  • Education level
    if the education level of the people is very high then adaptation process will be first
  • Personalization
    if personal interest level of the people is very high then adaptation process will will be first.
  • Adaptation forms
    Cultural imperatives, Cultural electives, Cultural exclusives
  • Adaptation forms (i)
    Cultural imperatives
  • Adaptation forms (ii)
    Cultural electives
  • Adaptation forms (iii)
    Cultural exclusives
  • Cultural imperatives
    are those business customs that are not avoidable. Friday is holiday.
  • Cultural electives
    customs to which adaptation is helpful but not necessarily. Offering tea or gifts.
  • Cultural exclusives
    customs in which an outsider must not participate. A Christian attempting to act like a Muslim.
  • Adaptation Aspects
    different methods of doing business or different aspects of adaptation in international marketing.
  • Adaptation aspects are
    Authority level, authority patterns, Management objectives, Communication, Formalities, Negotiation, Gender bias, Business ethic, Bribery
  • Adaptation aspects (1)
    authority level
  • Adaptation aspects (2)
    authority patterns
  • Adaptation aspects (3)
    Management objectives
  • Adaptation aspects (4)
    Communication
  • Adaptation aspects (5)
    Formalities
  • Adaptation aspects (6)
    Negotiation
  • Adaptation aspects (7)
    Gender bias
  • Adaptation aspects (8)
    Business ethic
  • Adaptation aspects (9)
    Bribery
  • Authority Level (a) Ownership
    sole trade, joint venture, joint stock company
  • Authority Level (b) Size
    small, average, or large size of firm orientation
  • Authority Level (c) Contract
    person to contract or communicate first
  • Authority Level (d) Public accountability
    level of public awareness
  • Authority Level (e) Cultural values
    differ from culture to culture
  • Authority Patterns (a) Top-level management decision
    top authority take decision and direct control the business operation.
  • Authority Patterns (b) Decentralized decision
    it allow executives at different levels of mgt. to exercise authority over their own function.
  • Authority Patterns (c) Committee decision
    is by group or consensus. It may be operated on centralized or decentralized basis.
  • Management Objectives
    of the foreign delegates
  • Management Objectives (a) Personal goal
    American executives’ emphasis on salary; Bangladeshi executives’ emphasis on other benefits.
  • Management Objectives (b) Security
    To American, security means financial benefits; To Bangladeshi, security means job security.
  • Management Objectives (c) Personal life
    To Japanese, personal life means company life, Bangladesh, family life is personal life.
  • Management Objectives (d) Social acceptance
    To Japanese, business executives have the high social status; opposite in Bangladesh.
  • Management Objectives (e) Power
    To Japanese, Govt. people hold the high power; political people hold the high power in Bangladesh.
  • Communication
    status in the foreign country
  • Communication (a) Internal communication
    downward, upward, vertical, horizontal, formal or informal communication.
  • Communication (b) Face to face communication
    foreign marketers use translators; English is preferable by the British.
  • Communication (c) E-communication
    communication through e-media. 4) P-time vs. M-time
  • Communication (a) P-time
    (poly-chronic): highly flexible and humanistic; human transaction is highly emphasis than work schedule, (may come from 8 to 12).
  • Communication (b) M-time
    (mono-chronic): not flexible and robotic; work schedule is highly emphasis than human transaction, (close at 8 pm).
  • Formalities
    in Japan, business formalities is very simple and dynamic; in Bangladesh, business formalities are very complex and traditional.
  • Negotiation
    it is the fundamental business rituals; the basic elements are the same in any country; they related to product, price, place, promotion, or other business issues but terms and conditions are different.
  • Gender Bias
    It is a very sensitive issues in international marketing; against women managers that exists in some countries (Saudi Arabia); some countries are women dominated.
  • Business Ethic
    serious problems in international marketing; That which is commonly accepted as right in one country may be completely unacceptable in another. In many countries of the world gifts are accepted and, in many countries, gifts are not allowed.
  • Bribery
    In some culture ____is crime and in some culture it is highly accepted; it is not only money matter but also have other forms.
  • Bribery
    willingly or voluntary offered payment by someone seeking unlawful advantages is____. Executives offer secretary for appointment.
  • Bribery ii) Extortion
    not willingly or pressurizes offered payment by someone seeking unlawful advantages is extortion. Secretary offer executives for giving permission.
  • Lubrication
    relatively small sum of cash or gifts or a service given to a low-ranking officials in country where such offerings are not prohibited by low.
  • Subornation
    large sum of money designed to enteric an official to commit an illegal act on behalf of the one offering the bribe.
  • Agent’s fee
    when a businessperson in uncertain of a country's rules and regulations, an agent may be haired to represent the company in that country.
  • Cultural Change
    Borrowing, Similarities, Resistance to change, Cultural change agent
  • i) Borrowing
    learn from other culture; our food habit, dress, have been change due to cultural borrowing.
  • ii) Similarities
    different language same culture (France- Canada), same language cultural difference (US-Inland).
  • iii) Resistance to change
    changes influence on values or ideology; now Bangladeshi people accept birth control.
  • iv) Cultural change agent
    when marketers want to change a part of culture; three strategies for changes
  • three strategies for changes of Cultural change agent
    Planned change, Unplanned change and forced change
  • (a) Planned change
    free offering by company and they become habituated, tea offering by British company.
  • (b) Unplanned change
    first identify the issue then offer the product; first food or mineral water accepted by people.
  • (c) Forced change
    marketers take some aggressive marketing strategy, promotional appeal change culture.
  • Changing Dimensions
    Cultural variability, Cultural complexity, Cultural hostility, Cultural heterogeneity, Cultural independency
  • a) Cultural variability
    refers to the degree to which conditions within a culture are changing at a low or high and stable or unstable rate (fashion is very unstable).
  • b) Cultural complexity
    refers to the degree to which understanding within a culture is depend on information processing (convert from suspect to partners).
  • c) Cultural hostility
    refers to the degree to which conditions within a culture are threatening to organizational goal (acceptance by the stakeholder).
  • d) Cultural heterogeneity
    refers to the degree to which separate cultures are dissimilar or similar. Dissimilarity means company needs to take centralized decision.
  • e) Cultural independency
    refers to the degree to which conditions in one culture are sensitive to developments in other culture. It reduces subsidy, autonomy.
  • Attitude Changes Strategies (a-h)
    Classical conditioning, Advertising, Mere exposure, Change beliefs, Shift importance, add beliefs, Change ideal, Group pressure
  • a) Classical conditioning
    a stimulus audience like such as music is consistently paired with the brand name.
  • b) Advertising
    use advertising appeal and slogan; bank for saving attitude "using a woman with ornaments".
  • c) Mere exposure
    repetition is critical for affect-based campaigns, repetition can change the attitude.
  • d) Change beliefs
    American cars are not as well made as Japanese cars; about the performance of brand.