2019-03-28T15:36:48+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true primary homicide, National College Women Sexual Victimization (NCWSV) Study, gray-area event, sociocultural explanations, telescoping, anticipatory grief, recoil period, sexual symmetry, gesellschaft societies, vulnerability, battering episode, reintegrative shaming, household respondent, masochism, virtual repeat, vulnerable adult, peacemaking circles, negligent supervision, Supplemental Homicide Reports (SHR), plaintiff, parricide, larceny/theft, referral, situated transaction, quid pro quo harassment, event dependency, Children’s Advocacy Center (CAC), process evaluations, probable cause, patriarchy, bank and financial account schemes, Sexual Assault Response Team (SART), moral panic, patricide, victim more guilty than offender, monetary-community restitution, cycle of violence (child abuse), sexually violent predators, allocution, in camera, reasonable suspicion, agent provocateur, grief process, contributory misconduct, fraud, subculture, flag explanation, Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), neglect, service-community restitution, battered-child syndrome, circle sentencing, impact stage, social exchange theory, ageism, disenchantment through avoidance, reverse record check, general strain theory a theory that suggests that strain can come from several sources; these are, reparative justice, subcultural theory flashcards
victimology terms Part 1.

victimology terms Part 1.

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  • primary homicide
    a homicide in which both the victim and the offender shared a primary, or face-to-face, relationship
  • National College Women Sexual Victimization (NCWSV) Study
    a major national survey of college women completed in 1996 probing sexual assault
  • gray-area event
    a victimization that does not conform to the usual common stereotype
  • sociocultural explanations
    explanations that look for events that are external to the individual as the cause of behavior
  • telescoping
    when respondents mistakenly bring criminal events that occurred outside the time frame into the survey period
  • anticipatory grief
    the preparations that people can make to cushion the impact of death when a loss is imminent or expected to take place
  • recoil period
    the second phase of a victim’s recovery, in which they begin to adapt to the fact that the violation took place
  • sexual symmetry
    the idea that women are equally as violent as their partners
  • gesellschaft societies
    large urban and industrialized communities where people rely on one another, are depersonalized, and a formal justice system handles transgressions
  • vulnerability
    the susceptibility to crime and the harm that accompanies victimization
  • battering episode
    the culmination of the frustrations where the perpetrator is out of control and acts in a rage
  • reintegrative shaming
    inducing shame in a positive fashion to bring the offender back into society
  • household respondent
    an individual who relays information to a surveyor about crimes committed against all members of his or her household
  • masochism
    a desire to suffer
  • virtual repeat
    a follow-up victimization of a similar person, place, or item, not necessarily nearby
  • vulnerable adult
    a person who is incapable of performing normal daily living activities or is unable to protect himself or herself because of a physical or mental impairment
  • peacemaking circles
    see sentencing circles
  • negligent supervision
    when an employer should recognize that the person poses an unacceptable risk and needs to be closely monitored on the job
  • Supplemental Homicide Reports (SHR)
    initiated in 1976, a set of reports that provides data on victim characteristics, location, offender characteristics, relationship between the victim and offender, the use of weapons, and the circumstances surrounding the homicide event
  • plaintiff
    a victim who brings suit against a defendant in civil court
  • parricide
    when children kill their parents
  • larceny/theft
    “the unlawful taking, carrying, leading or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another” (FBI)
  • referral
    sending an individual to another source of assistance or intervention
  • situated transaction
    a situation I which a homicide culminated from a chain or series of discrete actions and reactions by the participants
  • quid pro quo harassment
    a form of harassment in which the offender requires sexual contact in exchange for employment, better working conditions, high grades, or other favorable treatment
  • event dependency
    situations in which (usually) the same offender commits another offense based on the past experiences with that victim or location (see also boost explanation)
  • Children’s Advocacy Center (CAC)
    an umbrella organization, independent of the criminal justice system, that brings together child protective services workers, law enforcement officers, the prosecutor’s office, educators, mental health counselors, and medical personnel in an effort to provide a coordinated response and seamless service delivery to maltreated children
  • process evaluations
    evaluations that emphasize things like the number of offenders handled, the amount of time participants took to make restitution, the completion rate for restitution orders, and other similar program achievements
  • probable cause
    when the facts and circumstances are sufficiently strong enough to make the officer conclude that the accused is the one who committed the crime under investigation
  • patriarchy
    the view that male privilege or structured inequality portrays women as inferior and lacking in social power
  • bank and financial account schemes
    activities that involve getting victims to disclose personal and financial information that the offender can use to access the victim’s funds or valuables
  • Sexual Assault Response Team (SART)
    representatives from law enforcement, victim advocacy, forensic nursing, and the prosecutor’s office in a joint effort to provide seamless case handling
  • moral panic
    when a social problem is considered to be so pervasive and damaging that it threatens core values and beliefs
  • patricide
    when a child kills his or her father
  • victim more guilty than offender
    one of the types in Mendelsohn’s typology of victims, one who instigates or provokes the criminal act
  • monetary-community restitution
    payment by the offender to the community rather than to the actual victim
  • cycle of violence (child abuse)
    the idea that children who are abused or watch their parents engage in violent outbursts toward each other will come to accept these behaviors as permissible and act in a similar fashion later in life
  • sexually violent predators
    the most dangerous offenders with the most proclivity for recidivism
  • allocution
    an oral presentation of a victim impact statement
  • in camera
    out of public earshot
  • reasonable suspicion
    a legal standard of proof in which an officer is permitted to intrude into a situation to investigate whether a crime has been committed, is being committed, or is about to occur
  • agent provocateur
    term coined by von Hentig to indicate that the victim may help provoke the victimization incident
  • grief process
    the four-stage process of (1) shock and denial, (2) anger, (3) isolation, and (4) acceptance/recovery
  • contributory misconduct
    the idea that the victim must not share any criminal responsibility for the event
  • fraud
    “an act in which attempts are made to deceive with promises of goods, services, or financial benefits that do not exist, were never intended to be provided, or were misrepresented” (Office for Victims of Crime)
  • subculture
    a group of individuals who hold a different set of values, beliefs, ideas, views, and/or meanings that differ to some degree from the larger culture
  • flag explanation
    see risk heterogeneity
  • Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
    the most widely cited measure of crime; data are based on official police reports
  • neglect
    the withholding of life’s essentials
  • service-community restitution
    when the perpetrator performs a specified number of hours or types of service (or both) to the community in lieu of making cash payments
  • battered-child syndrome
    the syndrome by which “young children who have received serious physical abuse, generally from a parent or foster parent” (Kempe et al., 1962)
  • circle sentencing
    sometimes referred to as healing circles or peacemaking circles; members from across the community participate in determining the appropriate sanctions for offenders
  • impact stage
    the initial response to an event (such as sexual assault) that includes emotions such as shock and distress
  • social exchange theory
    the idea that parties interact appropriately as long as both sides receive something in the exchange and each side feels that the other is treating him or her fairly
  • ageism
    the stereotyping of older individuals and treating them differently because of their age
  • disenchantment through avoidance
    when a counselor sidesteps the issue of violence and stands back and waits for the victim to broach the topic
  • reverse record check
    a method to assess truthfulness/accuracy in victimization surveys; starts by locating crime victim names in police files and then administering a victim survey to them, which is then checked against the police records
  • general strain theory a theory that suggests that strain can come from several sources; these are
    (1) the inability to achieve the social goals, as outlined above, (2) the removal of desired or valued stimuli (such as losing one’s home or job), and (3) being faced with negative stimuli
  • reparative justice
    see restorative justice
  • subcultural theory
    the belief that there are groups and individuals in society that act in accordance with a set of subcultural norms that may violate the rules and regulations of the larger culture