Andrea-
According to the Individualism - Collectivism Model (Hazel Rose Markus & Shinobu Kitayama, 1991), what characterizes an individualistic culture?Characterized by giving higher value to the needs and accomplishments of the individual rather than the group. It emphasizes personal growth and achievement, as seen in cultures like that of the United States.
-
How does the I vs. Me concept (Herbert Mead, 1934) explain reactions to a loud thunder in different scenarios?Explains that reactions to a situation depend on factors such as age, gender, environment, and the presence of people. It reflects an individual's consideration of the social self and the role of societal expectations in shaping responses.
-
In Herbert Mead's stages of development, what characterizes the Play Stage?Characterized by valuing the importance of social relationships, often reflected in pretend play and role-taking. During this stage, individuals mentally assume the perspectives of others, contributing to the development of social skills and understanding.
-
How does the Bio-ecological Systems Theory (Urie Bronfenbrenner, 1935) define the Microsystem?Refers to institutions and social groups with direct contact and interaction, including families, peers, schools, religious institutions, and the immediate neighborhood. These direct interactions play a crucial role in an individual's social development.
-
According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, what does the Exosystem focus on?Focuses on a social setting that an individual has no direct interaction within but nevertheless affects their development. For instance, the work setting of the parents can impact the child's development, demonstrating the interconnectedness of various social systems.
-
What does the Macrosystem encompass in Bronfenbrenner's Bio-ecological Systems Theory?Encompasses the larger cultural context in which the individual resides. It includes factors such as socioeconomic status, ethnicity, societal values, cultural beliefs, and media content, all of which contribute to shaping an individual's social self.
-
How does the Chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's theory explain the influence of environmental events on an individual's social development?Focuses on patterns of environmental events, including socio-historical events. Changes in this system, such as graduation or political rallies, can significantly influence the individual's social self by introducing new expectations and contexts at specific points in time.
-
In Herbert Mead's stages of development, what characterizes the Preparatory Stage?
Children interact through imitation
They tend to focus more on communication with others
Gestures, words, etc.
-
In Herbert Mead's stages of development, what characterizes the Game Stage?
Considers the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors (generalized other or society of a whole) of the individuals who are closest to them
Realizes that everyone has multiple roles (eg. being a mom, a teacher, etc.)
They are more focused on their significant others (eg. teachers, close peers, parents, etc
