Maria Kais-
what does each upper limb consist of? (how many bones)Each upper limb consists of 30 bones.
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what does each upper limb include?Each upper limb includes a humerus in the arm; ulna and radius in the forearm; and 8 carpals (wrist bones), 5 metacarpals (palm bones), and 14 phalanges (finger bones) in the hand.
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describe the humerus.The humerus, or arm bone, is the longest and the largest bone of the upper limb
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what does it articulate with at the shoulder and what does it articulate with at the elbow?At the shoulder it articulates with the scapula, and at the elbow it articulates with both the ulna and radius.
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what does the proximal end of the humerus consist of? what does the head articulate with?The proximal end of the humerus consists of a head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
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what does the proximal end of the humerus also have? where is it positioned?It also has an anatomical neck, the former site of the epiphyseal (growth) plate, which is a groove just distal to the head.
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where is the surgical neck located and why is it called so?The surgical neck is below the anatomical neck and is so named because fractures often occur here.
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what does the body of the humerus contain? what attaches to it?The body of the humerus contains a roughened, V-shaped area called the deltoid tuberosity where the deltoid muscle attaches.
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what is at the distal end of the humerus? describe it and what does it articulate with?At the distal end of the humerus, the capitulum, is a rounded knob that articulates with the head of the radius.
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what is the radial fossa and what does it receive?The radial fossa is a depression that receives the head of the radius when the forearm is flexed (bent).
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what is the trochlea and what does it articulate with?The trochlea is a spool-shaped surface that articulates with the ulna.
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what is the coronoid fossa and what does it receive?The coronoid fossa is a depression that receives part of the ulna when the forearm is flexed.
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what is the olecranon and what does it receive?The olecranon fossa is a depression on the back of the bone that receives the olecranon of the ulna when the forearm is extended (straightened).
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-where is the ulna located and describe its length in comparison to the radius. -what is at the proximal end of the ulna? what does it form? -what receives the trochlea of the humerus? -what does the trochlea of the humerus also fit into? what is the trochlear notch and where is it located? -what is the radial notch? -where is the styloid process?-The ulna is on the medial aspect (little-finger side) of the forearm and is longer than the radius. -At the proximal end of the ulna is the olecranon, which forms the prominence of the elbow. -The coronoid process, together with the olecranon, receives the trochlea of the humerus. -The trochlea of the humerus also fits into the trochlear notch, a large curved area between the olecranon and the coronoid process. -The radial notch is a depression for the head of the radius. -A styloid process is at the distal end of the ulna.
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-where is the radius located? -what does the proximal end of the radius have? what does it articulate with? -what does it have? what does it provide? -what does the distal end of the radius articulate with? -what is at the distal end? -what is the most common fracture in adults older than 50 years?-The radius is located on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm. -The proximal end of the radius has a disc-shaped head that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and radial notch of the ulna. -It has a raised, roughened area called the radial tuberosity that provides a point of attachment for the biceps brachii muscle. -The distal end of the radius articulates with three carpal bones of the wrist. -Also at the distal end is a styloid process. -Fracture of the distal end of the radius is the most common fracture in adults older than 50 years .
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what does the carpus of the hand contain? by what are the carpals held together?The carpus (wrist) of the hand contains eight small bones, the carpals, held together by ligaments.
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how are the carpals arranged? they are named for what?The carpals are arranged in two transverse rows, with four bones in each row, and they are named for their shapes.
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what does the metacarpus of the hand contain?The metacarpus (palm) of the hand contains five bones called metacarpals.
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what does each metacarpal bone consist of? (3)Each metacarpal bone consists of a proximal base, an intermediate body, and a distal head.
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how are the metacarpal bones numbered and starting with what?The metacarpal bones are numbered I through V (or 1 to 5), starting with the lateral bone in the phalanx.
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what does each phalnx consist of?Like the metacarpals, each phalnx consists of a proximal base, an intermediate body, and a distal head.
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how many phalanges are there in the thumb? how many phalanges are there in each of the other 4 digits? name themThere are two phalanges (proximal and distal) in the thumb and three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal) in each of the other four digits.
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what are the fingers commonly referred to?In order from the thumb, these other four digits are commonly referred to as the index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger.
