2024-12-08T03:08:53+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>What is the general structural over view of the spinal cord?</p>, <p>Where are CSF samples taken?</p>, <p>What are the components of the cross-sectional structure of the spinal cord?</p>, <p>What does the Grey matter of the cross sectional structure of the spinal cord contain? What is its makeup?</p>, <p>What does the white matter of the cross sectional structure of the spinal cord contain? What is its makeup?</p>, <p>What are the functions of the spinal cord?</p>, <p>What are the structures of the peripheral nervous system?</p>, <p>What are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves?</p>, <p>What brain regions are associated with the 12 pairs of cranial nerves?</p>, <p>What cranial nerves are associated with the forebrain?</p>, <p>What cranial nerves are associated with the midbrain?</p>, <p>What cranial nerves are associated with the pons?</p>, <p>What cranial nerves are associated with the medulla oblongata?</p>, <p>What pair of cranial nerves are mainly sensory neurons?</p>, <p>Where do motor and sensory neurons have their cell bodies?</p>, <p>What are the motor and sensory fcns of the trigeminal nerve (5 in pneumonic)?</p>, <p>What are the 9 pairs of cranial nerves that carry both sensory and motor neurons?</p>, <p>What are the 31 pairs of spinal nerves?</p>, <p>Where do spinal nerves exit?</p>, <p>What are the dorsol and ventral roots? How many points of attachment do they have to the spinal cord?</p>, <p>What does the spinal nerve do? What is it?</p>, <p>What does the dorsal ramus do?</p>, <p>What does the ventral ramus do?</p>, <p>What does the rami communicantes do?</p>, <p>What are the 4 spinal nerve plexuses? What spinal nerves are the formed by? What important nerves arise from them?</p>, <p>What is at the cross section of a nerve? What are the different kinds?</p>, <p>What important nerves arise from brachial plexus? Where is it?</p>, <p>What important nerves arise from sacral plexus? Where is it?</p> flashcards

Unit 19 - Nervous System pt. 3 (spinal cord, PNS structures)

Spinal cord, PNS structures

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  • What is the general structural over view of the spinal cord?

    What is the general structural over view of the spinal cord?

    —  location: foramen magnum to L1/L2 (conus medullaris)

    —  nerves continue down from spinal cord through vertebral foramina as cauda equina (horse’s tail) and exit at intervertebral foramina

    —  filum terminale: a connective tissue extension of pia mater that anchors conus medullaris of spinal cord to coccyx

  • Where are CSF samples taken?

    filum terminale in the spinal cord

  • What are the components of the cross-sectional structure of the spinal cord?

    - anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus: separate cord into right and left halves

    - central canal: contains CSF

    - Gray Matter

    - White Matter

  • What does the Grey matter of the cross sectional structure of the spinal cord contain? What is its makeup?

    - cell bodies and dendrites of motor neurons and interneurons

    - H-shaped:

    o   cross bar = gray commissures

    o   horns: dorsal horn (sensory), lateral horn (motor), ventral horn (motor)

  • What does the white matter of the cross sectional structure of the spinal cord contain? What is its makeup?

    —  myelinated axons   containing ascending (sensory) or descending (motor) tracts

    —  forms columns: dorsal column, lateral column, and ventral column

  • What are the functions of the spinal cord?

    - sensory and motor impulses

    - produces reflexes (fast, predictable, automatic responses to changes in environment e.g. withdrawal reflex)

  • What are the structures of the peripheral nervous system?

    Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

  • What are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves?

  • What brain regions are associated with the 12 pairs of cranial nerves?

  • What cranial nerves are associated with the forebrain?

    - olfactory and optic (1-2 of pneumonic)

    - they are also the only neurons that are "only sensory neurons"

  • What cranial nerves are associated with the midbrain?

    oculomotor and trochlear (3-4 of pneumonic)

  • What cranial nerves are associated with the pons?

    trigeminal, abducens, and vestibulocochlear (5-8 of pneumonic)

  • What cranial nerves are associated with the medulla oblongata?

    - 9-12 of pneumonic

    - glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal

  • What pair of cranial nerves are mainly sensory neurons?

    vestibulocochlear (9 in pneumonic)

  • Where do motor and sensory neurons have their cell bodies?

    - motor neurons have cell bodies in brainstem nuclei

    - sensory neurons have cell bodies in ganglia of PNS

  • What are the motor and sensory fcns of the trigeminal nerve (5 in pneumonic)?

    - motor function = chewing

    - sensory function = conveys general sensations (touch, pressure, pain, temperature) from face to CNS

  • What are the 9 pairs of cranial nerves that carry both sensory and motor neurons?

    oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal

  • What are the 31 pairs of spinal nerves?

    o   8 cervical

    o   12 thoracic

    o   5 lumbar

    o   5 sacral

    o   1 coccygeal

    - all mixed nerves

  • Where do spinal nerves exit?

    —  exit via intervertebral foramina (except 1st – between atlas and occipital)

  • What are the dorsol and ventral roots? How many points of attachment do they have to the spinal cord?

    - Dorsal Root: sensory neurons; cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion

    - Ventral Root:  autonomic and somatic motor neurons; cell bodies in ventral or lateral horn

    - 2 points of attachment

  • What does the spinal nerve do? What is it?

    - joining of dorsal and ventral roots- immediately divide into branches (rami): dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, and rami communicantes

    - joining of dorsal and ventral roots

    - immediately divide into branches (rami): dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, and rami communicantes

  • What does the dorsal ramus do?

    —  innervate skin and muscles of the back

  • What does the ventral ramus do?

    —  forms thoracic nerves (T2 – T12) ) OR further branch and join up forming nerve plexuses (= nerve network)

  • What does the rami communicantes do?

    —  connect ventral ramus (spinal nerve) to sympathetic trunk

    —  contain autonomic nerve fibres (neurons)

  • What are the 4 spinal nerve plexuses? What spinal nerves are the formed by? What important nerves arise from them?

  • What is at the cross section of a nerve? What are the different kinds?

    - CT wrappings:

    - Epineurium: around whole nerve

    - Perineurium: around fascicles

    - Endoneurium: around axon and myelin

  • What important nerves arise from brachial plexus? Where is it?

  • What important nerves arise from sacral plexus? Where is it?