2024-12-04T21:14:01+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>What do gonads do?</p>, <p>What do accessory glands do?</p>, <p>What do ducts do?</p>, <p>What are the testicular reproductive system structures?</p>, <p>What are testes anatomically?</p>, <p>What is the tunica vaginalis layer of the testes anatomically?</p>, <p>What is the tunica albuginea layer of the testes anatomically?</p>, <p>What does each lobule of the testes contain?</p>, <p>What do seminiferous tubules do? </p>, <p>What are the walls of the seminiferous tubules composed of? </p>, <p>What are sustentocytes (nurse) cells?</p>, <p>What are spermatogenic cells?</p>, <p>What are Interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells?</p>, <p>How are ducts relevant to the male reproductive system?</p>, <p>What are the ducts in the series of ducts sperm move through?</p>, <p>What is the epididymis duct?</p>, <p>What does the Vas (ductus) deferens duct do?</p>, <p>what is the ejaculatory duct formed by?</p>, <p>What does the urethra duct do?</p>, <p>What are the 3 regions of the urethra and what do they do?</p>, <p>What is the penis anatomically?</p>, <p>What are the three cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue?</p>, <p>What do the accessory glands do?</p>, <p>Where are the seminal vesicles? What do they do?</p>, <p>Where are the prostate glands? What do they do?</p>, <p>Where are the bulbourethral glands? What do they do?</p>, <p>What is spermatogenesis?</p>, <p>What is spermiogenesis?</p>, <p>What is the process of spermatogenesis?</p>, <p>What is the structure of spermatozoa?</p>, <p>What is acrosome?</p>, <p>What is semen?</p> flashcards
Unit 17 - reproduction systems (pt. 1 Male)

Unit 17 - reproduction systems (pt. 1 Male)

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  • What do gonads do?

    o   produce gametes and hormones

  • What do accessory glands do?

    o   produce secretions that support the gametes

  • What do ducts do?

    o   transport and store gametes

  • What are the testicular reproductive system structures?

    gonads (testes), ducts, penis, and accessory glands

  • What are testes anatomically?

    - located within the scrotum (skin and connective tissue)

    - surrounded by two layers (tunics): tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

    - two lobules

  • What is the tunica vaginalis layer of the testes anatomically?

    —  outer (superficial) layer

    —  serous membrane derived from peritoneum

  • What is the tunica albuginea layer of the testes anatomically?

    —  inner fibrous connective tissue capsule

    —  extends inward to divided testis into lobules (small lobes)

  • What does each lobule of the testes contain?

    seminiferous tubules and Interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells

  • What do seminiferous tubules do?

    —  produce sperm (spermatogenesis)

    —  tubules unite to form rete testis on posterior side of each testis (rete = network)

  • What are the walls of the seminiferous tubules composed of?

    spermatogenic cells and sustentocytes (nurse) cells

  • What are sustentocytes (nurse) cells?

    —  surround, nourish and protect developing gametes

    —  extend from basement membrane to lumen

    —  are connected to one another by tight junctions that form the blood-testis barrier which protects developing sperm from immune system, toxins and drugs

    —  produce testicular fluid for sperm transport in tubule lumen

  • What are spermatogenic cells?

     germ cells in various stages of development that will become sperm

  • What are Interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells?

    —  in connective tissue between seminiferous tubules

    —  secrete testosterone (hormone)

  • How are ducts relevant to the male reproductive system?

    Sperm formed in the seminiferous tubules enter the rete testis, and then move into a series of  ducts

  • What are the ducts in the series of ducts sperm move through?

    epididymis, vas (ductus) deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

  • What is the epididymis duct?

    —  posterior border of testis

    —  site of sperm storage and maturation (develop ability to swim)

  • What does the Vas (ductus) deferens duct do?

    —  transports sperm from the epididymis during ejaculation

    —  part of the spermatic cord which carries the vas deferens, nerves, blood supply, lymphatic vessels through the body wall

    —  enters anterior pelvic cavity and loops over posterior wall of bladder

  • what is the ejaculatory duct formed by?

    —  formed by union of vas deferens and duct from seminal vesicle

  • What does the urethra duct do?

    —  transports urine and semen out of the body

    —  has 3 regions: prostatic urethra, intermediate (membranous) urethra, and spongy (penile) urethra

  • What are the 3 regions of the urethra and what do they do?

    - prostatic urethra: runs through prostate gland

    - intermediate (membranous) urethra: runs through the urogenital diaphragm (muscular floor of pelvis)

    - spongy (penile) urethra: runs through the corpus spongiosum of the penis and ends at an opening at the tip of the glans penis called the external urethral orifice

  • What is the penis anatomically?

    - urinary and copulatory organ

    - parts: Root, Body (shaft), Glans penis (enlarged tip)

    - has three cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue (blood sinuses bound by connective tissue)

  • What are the three cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue?

    - 2 corpora cavernosa: dorsal/posterior (in the erect position), form most of the root and shaft

    - 1 corpus spongiosum: midventral/anterior (in the erect position), surrounds urethra and forms the glans penis

  • What do the accessory glands do?

    —  contribute secretions during sexual arousal

    —  ~95% of semen comes from the following glands, listed in order of highest to lowest contribution: seminal vesicles (2), prostate gland (1), bulbourethral glands (2)

  • Where are the seminal vesicles? What do they do?

    —  posterior to bladder

    —  secrete a fluid that provides sperm with a source of nutrients

  • Where are the prostate glands? What do they do?

    - inferior to bladder and encircles prostatic urethra

    - secretes a fluid that nourishes and activates sperm motility

  • Where are the bulbourethral glands? What do they do?

    —  below prostate in urogenital diaphragm (in contact with external urethral sphincter)

    —  secretes thick mucus that helps lubricate the urethra and the glans penis

  • What is spermatogenesis?

    - refers to sperm production within the seminiferous tubules

  • What is spermiogenesis?

    - a part of spermatogenesis: is the differentiation of the spermatids into sperm

    o   develop flagella and acrosomes

    o   lose most cytoplasm

  • What is the process of spermatogenesis?

  • What is the structure of spermatozoa?

    - Head: nucleus (23 chromosomes (n)), top of nucleus is covered by the acrosome

    - Body (midpiece): contains a large number of mitochondria that produce the ATP required for movement

    - Tail = flagellum: propel sperm, made of microtubules

  • What is acrosome?

    - head of sperm cell

    - a modified lysosome

    - contains enzymes required to penetrate secondary oocyte

  • What is semen?

    o   sperm and testicular fluid (5%), and accessory gland secretions (95%)

    o   2-5mL released during ejaculation (contains 20-150 million sperm/ml)

    o   pH is slightly alkaline = 7.2 – 7.6

    o   provides sperm with transportation medium, nutrients, and protection