2023-02-25T00:46:49+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>endothelial cells</p>, <p>foot process effacement </p>, <p>arcuate arteries</p>, <p>bowman's capsule</p>, <p>macula densa cells</p>, <p>true</p>, <p>arcuate arteries </p>, <p>true</p>, <p>principal cells of the collecting duct</p>, <p>α1-adrenoreceptors</p>, <p>afferent arterial smooth muscle cells</p>, <p>principal cells</p>, <p>cAMP</p>, <p>hypervolemia; hypotension</p>, <p>d</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>hypovolemia </p>, <p>d</p> flashcards
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  • endothelial cells

    What type of highly specialized cells of the kidney glomerulus wrap around capillaries and are neighbor cells of the Bowman’s capsule?

  • foot process effacement

    ________is known to occur when podocytes are injured, mutated, or lost, leading to proteinuric kidney diseases.

  • arcuate arteries

    Blood flows from the interlobar artery of the kidney into what structures?

  • bowman's capsule

    At which of the following locations does fluid (filtered blood by the glomerulus) enter the nephron?

  • macula densa cells

    Which of the following cells detect changes in distal tubular fluid composition and transmit signals to the glomerular vascular elements?

  • true

    Is the following statement true or false? Sympathetic nervous activity decreases blood flow to the kidney.

  • arcuate arteries

    At the base of the pyramids, these arteries are referred to as: _______

  • true

    Is the following statement true or false?  Osmolality is a measure of the body’s electrolyte-water balance, which is the ratio between fluids and minerals in the body

  • principal cells of the collecting duct

    Where does ADH cause water reabsorption?

  • α1-adrenoreceptors

    Which renal adrenoreceptor is activated by the sympathetic nerve and directly increases renin secretion?

  • afferent arterial smooth muscle cells

    Which cells express postjunctional β1-adrenergic receptors?

  • principal cells

    In states of hypovolemia or hypernatremia, ADH is released from the posterior pituitary gland and binds to the type-2 receptor in ________ of the collecting duct.

  • cAMP

    Which second messenger activates protein kinase A (PKA), a phosphorylating enzyme that initiates an intracellular phosphorylation cascade?

  • hypervolemia; hypotension

    Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone secreted from the right atrium in response to atrial stretch from________ and in response to_________.

  • d

    In osmosis, water always moves toward the______ solution: that is, toward the solution with the ________solute concentration.

    a) hypotonic; lesser

    b) hypotonic; greater

    c) hypertonic; lesser

    d) hypertonic; greater

  • b

    The constriction of which of the following arterioles leads to a higher filtration fraction?

    a) afferent arteriole

    b) efferent arteriole

  • hypovolemia

    ____ is defined as a depletion of the effective circulating blood volume.

  • d

    Tubular dysfunction due to __ deficiency or insensitivity can also cause hyperkalemia.

    a) aldosterone

    b) angiotensin

    c) renin

    d) adh